产权清晰与效率增进:以公车制度改革为例

Clarifying Property Rights and Improving Efficiency: Taking the Reform of Official Car System as an Example

产权清晰与主体权责利的一致程度高度相关。多元主体组织相较于单一主体组织,产权清晰存在更多的困难。开始于20世纪90年代初的我国公车制度改革,先后在全国各地出现了从加强管理到市场化(或称半货币化)改革再到货币化改革的三种不同模式,其实质就是不断提高公车使用人在使用中的权责利的一致程度,即提高公车使用中的产权清晰度。作为公车制度改革最新模式的货币化改革模式之所以会取代其他两种模式成为目前国内普遍采用的模式,不仅在于其在使作为公车使用人的公务人员承担的权责利的一致程度上最高,而且在于它通过公车使用人的自主选择提高了消费效率并进而在保证公车使用人因公服务用车需求的前提下降低了公车制度的运行费用,提高了制度的效率。

The clarity of property rights is highly related with the rights,responsibilities and interests of the subject.Compared to single subject organizations,multiple subject organizations have more difficulties in clarifying property rights.Starting from the beginning of the 1990s,China’s reform of official car system has experienced three modes earlier or later across the country,i.e.,from strengthening management,to marketization（or called half-monetized）reform,then to monetized reform;its essence is to improve continuously the consistent degree between the user of the official car and his rights,responsibilities and interests in using the car,namely,to clarify the property rights of the cars when being used.As the newest mode of the reform of official car system,the reason why the monetized reform mode has replaced the other two modes and become the mode widely adopted throughout the country at present is that it not only let the public officials who use the official cars bear the highest consistent degree of their rights,responsibilities and interests,but also through the independent choice of the users of the official cars it can improve the consumption efficiency,further reduce the operating costs of the official car system and improve the institutional efficiency in the premise of meeting the requirements for cars for official duties.