南水北调中线水源地生态服务价值核算

Evaluation of ecosystem service value for water sources region of middle route project of South-to-North Water Diversion

为了促进资源环境的可持续发展,在南水北调中线水源区开展了大量生态系统服务价值评估研究。但现有研究侧重于水源区部分小流域或库区的生态系统服务价值,缺少从整个水源区角度评估不同生态系统类型的服务总价值研究。基于南水北调中线工程实施前水源区2000年的土地利用变化数据,针对水源区森林、草地、耕地和水域四大类生态系统,综合运用市场价值法、影子价格法和机会成本法等方法评估水源区生态系统服务价值。结果表明:水源地生态系统服务功能的总价值为2 429.4亿元,其中,直接经济价值和间接经济价值分别为619.9亿元和1 809.5亿元;水源地各服务功能价值量大小依次为气体调节、产品提供、土壤保持、环境净化、生物多样性、涵养水源、旅游休闲、养分循环;各生态系统服务功能总价值量大小依次为林地、耕地、水域、草地;单位面积生态系统提供的价值量大小依次为水域、草地、林地、耕地。水域生态系统提供的单位价值比较高,水源地在资源开发和管理过程中,要注意合理地利用和保护水域生态系统。

In order to promote the sustainable development of the resources and environment in water sources area of middle route project of South-to-North Water Diversion, a lot of ecosystem services evaluation researches were performed. However, up to present day, the related studies focused on the ecosystem services evaluation of partial sub-basins or the reservoir area but lacked ecosystem services evaluation of different ecosystems from the perspective of the entire water sources area of the project. Ecosystem services value for the forest, grassland, cultivated land and water area of the entire source region of middle route project of South-to-North Water Diversion （SRMRP） was evaluated by using the market value, shade-price and opportunity-cost methods based on land use data in 2000. The results indicated that the total value of ecosystem services in the SRMRP was approximately 242.94 billion RMB, of which, the direct and indirect values were 61.99 billion and 180.95 billion RMB, respectively. The values of the ecosystem service functions in the SRMRP were in the following order： air regulation 〉 product supply 〉 soil conservation 〉 environment purification 〉 biodiversity conservation 〉 water conservation 〉 tourism and recreation〉 nutrient circulation. The order of the total values of ecosystem services for different ecosystems in the SRMRP is in following order： forest 〉 farmland 〉 water area 〉 grassland. The values of the ecosystem services per unit area in the SRMRP are in the order as follows： water area 〉 grassland 〉 forest 〉 cultivated land, of which, the highest provider is water area. Attention should be paid to the rational utilization and protection of water resources in resource development and management in the SRMRP.