明代社会养老与中医养生著作繁荣的关联

Relationship between Social Provision for the Aged in the Ming Dynasty and the Prosperity of Works on Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Maintenance

通过分析现存明代养生文献作者情况,发现明代社会"有文化"阶层的全面儒学化且产能过剩、儒学制度化又功效欠佳,是养生著述繁荣的原因之一。一方面,明代知识群体将养生关联于"老老",养生实践指向身体健康上的孝亲,养生著述指向"扬名于后世,以显父母"的孝行。另一方面,尽管明代社会重视养老,"产能过剩"的儒生阶层仍难免亲老病痛难医却束手无策,于是转而自学医药,著述养生。

By analyzing the authors of the existing literatures on health preservations in Ming Dynasty,it is found that the comprehensive Confucianism of the ＂cultured＂class in the Ming Dynasty and the overcapacity,the institutionalization of Confucianism and the poor efficacy were one of the reasons for the prosperity of writings of health preservation. On the one hand,the Ming Dynasty intellectual group associated health preservation with ＂caring the elderly＂,and the health preservation practice referred to the filial piety of physical health,and the writings of health preservation mean the filial piety of ＂known in later generations to make parents remarkable＂. On the other hand,although the Ming Dynasty society attached great importance to old-age care,the Confucian class of ＂overcapacity＂still inevitably had problems with the sickness of the elderly,so they turned to self-study medicine and wrote about health preservation.