外资企业出口溢出与内资企业的出口市场开拓

Export spillovers from foreign invested enterprises and export market extension of domestic enterprises

改革开放以来,外资企业对于中国经济增长和本土企业成长发挥了重要的作用。使用中国海关统计的2001-2011年间企业层面的出口信息,构建城市—产品—出口目的地尺度的平衡面板数据,通过条件逻辑模型方法,探究中国外资企业出口对内资企业出口决策的溢出效应。实证结果显示:外资企业出口活动对内资企业出口决策存在显著的正向溢出效应。此外还考虑了出口目的地和出口地区的异质性,并发现当出口目的地与中国存在较大的经济、地理、政治或制度距离时,外资企业对内资企业的出口溢出效应更显著;中国中西部城市的外资企业出口溢出效应比东部城市更为突出。检验结果表明外资企业出口活动在内资企业开拓国外新市场的过程中能够发挥重要促进作用。

Since the economic reforms of the late 1970 s, foreign invested enterprises have contributed much to China’s economic development and local business growth. Based on the export information of China Customs from 2001 to 2011, this paper constructs the balance panel data at city-product-destination scale. Using the Conditional Logit method, this paper explores the spillover effect of China’s foreign invested enterprises on export decision-making of domestic enterprises. The empirical results show that there is a significantly positive spillover effect on the export decision of domestic enterprises. This paper also analyzes the heterogeneity of export destinations and export cities. Results show that the export spillover effect of foreign invested enterprises is more significant when there exist large economic,geographical, political or institutional distances between the export destinations and China. The spillover effect of China’s central and western cities is more significant than that of eastern cities. The results of this paper illustrate that the export activities of foreign invested enterprises can play an important role in helping the domestic enterprises develop new foreign markets.