“服务”业的政治经济学

Political Economics of the “Service” Industry

按照马克思的服务观,马克思在其著作中使用的"本来的服务"与现代"服务"业贩卖的"服务"商品是两个概念。马克思所指出的"本来的服务"是消费使用价值时产生的有用效果,而现代"服务"业贩卖的"商品"实际上是服务的提供,为了向消费者提供服务,服务资本家将自己所有的消费手段和服务工人的劳动力的使用权租赁给消费者,并收取租金。服务提供的这种资本主义形式就是现代"服务"业,它的组成要素包括土地、固定资本、追加劳动(服务劳动)等,这决定了这些"服务"业的非生产性质及其政治经济学特征。

According to Marx's view of service, the "original service"used by Marx in his works and the"service"goods sold by the modern "service"industry are two different concepts. The "original service"that Marx pointed out is a useful effect produced when consuming the use value, but the "goods"sold by the modern"service"industry is actually the supply of services. In order to provide services for consumers, service capitalists lease the consumption means and right to use the labor of service workers owned by them to the consumers, and charge rents. Such capitalist form of service supply is the modern "service"industry. Its constituent elements include land,fixed capital, and additional labor(service labor), etc., which determines the non-productive nature of the"service"industry and its political economics characteristics.