保水剂与微生物菌剂对土壤水分、养分的影响

Effects of Water-retaining Agent and Microbial Agent on Soil Moisture and Nutrient Content

保水剂与其他肥料混施,可以在不同程度上改善土壤的水分和养分条件,促进植物生长。通过将聚丙烯酸钾盐型保水剂与微生物菌剂混合对油松、紫花苜蓿进行盆栽试验,通过对低、中、高（油松：10、20、30 g·株^-1;紫花苜蓿：20、30、40 g·m^-2）保水剂和低、中、高（油松：5、10、20 g·株^-1;紫花苜蓿：15、30、45 g·m^-2）微生物菌剂混施,分析土壤水分和土壤中速效氮、磷、钾含量变化,及其对土壤水分、养分和植物生长的影响。结果表明：不同处理不同程度地提高了土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量以及土壤含水量。高浓度保水剂和高浓度微生物菌剂混施对一年生油松土壤速效氮促进最显著,低浓度保水剂和中浓度微生物菌剂混施对土壤速效磷、速效钾促进最显著,分别较对照组提高12%、35%和36%;紫花苜蓿高浓度保水剂和高浓度微生物菌剂混施对土壤速效氮、速效磷促进最显著,低浓度保水剂和中浓度微生物菌剂混施对土壤速效钾促进最显著,分别较对照组提高35%、27%和40%。中浓度保水剂和中浓度菌剂混施处理下土壤保水效果最优,而对油松和紫花苜蓿生长的影响达到最佳的分别为低浓度保水剂与低浓度菌剂混施和低浓度保水剂与中浓度菌剂混施。

As a high efficiency of water absorption material,polyacrylic acid potassium water-retaining agent and microbial agent can be mixed to significantly improve soil fertility. In this study,the polyacrylic acid potassium water-retaining agent was mixed with microbial agent to investigate their effects on soil moisture content,soil fertility and plant growth. Pot incubation tests were conducted to observe the growth of Pinus tabulaeformis and Medicago sativa. The contents of soil available N,P and K and soil moisture under these 2 plant species were tested and analyzed. Moreover,drought stress test was also carried out in the study. Results showed that the polyacrylic acid potassium water-retaining agent could be mixed with microbial agent to increase the contents of soil available N,P and K and soil moisture in varying degrees. Change trends of the contents of soil available nutrients under P. tabulaeformis and M. sativa were similar,but the optimal mix method was different for different plant species. For the annual P. tabulaeformis,the effect of high-concentration mix method on soil available N content was significant,and the effect of low-and moderate-concentration mix methods on the contents of soil available P and K was also high,and they were increased by 12%,35% and 36% respectively. For M. sativa,the effect of high-concentration mix method on soil available N and P contents were significant,and the effect of low-and moderate-concentration mix method on soil available K was also high. The conditions of P. tabulaeformis and M. sativa growth and soil moisture level might be significantly improved when the moderate-concentration mix method was applied. For a defined area,it was needed to consider the actual conditions when using the water-retaining agent and microbial agent because of the different soil conditions,soil moisture level and nutrient level.