玛纳斯河流域两种典型土地利用变化分析

Two Typical Land Use Modes in the Manas River Basin

对比分析兵团和地方两种土地经营管理模式下两种典型土地利用变化的差异,对认识不同人类活动方式对土地利用的影响有重大意义。以新疆玛纳斯河流域兵团、地方为研究对象,利用1972-2015年Landsat MSS/TM/OLI以及CBERS-02B遥感影像数据,综合分析两种典型土地利用变化。结果表明：（1）兵团、地方土地利用变化差异主要体现在耕地、建设用地上,兵团耕地变化更为显著,地方建设用地变化更为显著。（2）不同于地方小规模自主经营模式,地块规模有限,破碎度较高;兵团实行大规模统一管理的土地利用模式,土地整合频率较高,地块不断集中,景观格局趋于简单。（3）兵团与地方土地利用变化程度及景观格局存在显著差异的主要原因在于土地经营管理模式的不同。

Xinjiang has two basic management modes,i. e. the ＂farm management mode＂developed by Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and the ＂local mode＂formed by local governments. The comparison and analysis of the differences between the two typical land use modes is of great significance for understanding the effects of different human activities on land use. In this paper,a case study on two typical land use modes in the Manas River Basin in Xinjiang during the period of 1970 s-2015 was carried out,and the land use dataset for the drainage basin was constructed. Moreover,the differences between the farm management mode and the local mode in land use change pattern and landscape pattern were investigated by using the land use index and landscape pattern index. The results are as follows：（1） The differences of land use change between the two modes were mainly in the change of farmland and construction land,that is the change of farmland in state farms was more significant,but the change of construction land in local areas was more significant;（2） Independent management mode was implemented in the local areas where the field size was small and the degree of fragmentation was high. In the state farms,however,the scale of land use was large,and the management was unified,the land consolidation frequency was high,land plots were constantly integrated,and the landscape pattern was tended to be simple;（3） compared with the local communities,there were the significant differences in land use change degree and landscape pattern.The difference was mainly caused by the different corps and the different land management modes. The analyzed results of the differences of land use change between the state farms and the local areas could be referred for the rational land use and regional sustainable development.