凉山烟区2个烤烟品种示范种植效果

Effect of Demonstration Planting of 2 Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in Liangshan Tobacco Area

为了进一步提高凉山烟区烤烟的烟叶质量,增加烤烟种植的经济收益,协调品质保障与经济效益的矛盾,2011~2016年对凉山烟区K326品种与红花大金元品种的农艺性状、化学成分以及经济效益进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)随着种植年份的推移,2个品种的各农艺性状均有较大幅度的变化,2014年与2015年尤为明显,且同时期2个品种的株高、最大叶长、节距、最大叶宽有较大差异;(2)红花大金元品种的烟碱、总氮、氯、总糖以及还原糖的含量随着种植年份的增长均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,而钾含量表现为增加-降低-增加的趋势,K326品种的烟碱与氯含量的峰值出现在2014年,且各年度间的差异较小,而总糖与还原糖含量的峰值出现在2013年,且各年度间的差异较大;总氮与钾含量的最低值均出现在2013年与2014年;(3)随着种植年份的推进各品种烤烟的产量、产值、均价以及上中等烟比例均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,而峰值出现在2014年与2015年,相同年份红花大金元的产值要高于同期K326的产值。因此在不考虑卷烟企业特殊需求的前提下,红花大金元品种在会理烟区的经济效益更高。

In order to further improve the quality of tobacco leaves in Liangshan tobacco area, increase the economic benefit of the planting of flue-cured tobacco, and coordinate the contradiction between quality guarantee and economic benefit, the agronomic characters, chemical composition and economic benefits of the K326 variety and Honghuadajinyuan variety in the tobacco area of Liangshan were compared and analyzed in 2011 to 2016. The results showed that：（1） the agronomic traits of the 2 varieties were greatly changed with the age of planting, especially in the 2014 and 2015, and the height, the maximum leaf length, the pitch and the maximum leaf width of the 2 varieties were significantly different in the same period;（2） the content of nicotine, total nitrogen, chlorine, total sugar and reducing sugar in the Honghuadajinyuan variety showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease with the growth of the planting year, while the potassium content showed a tendency of increase-decrease-increase. The peak of nicotine and chlorine content in K326 varieties appeared in 2014, and the differences between each year were small, the peak value of total sugar and reducing sugar appeared in 2013, and the difference was significant in each year. The lowest values of total nitrogen and potassium appeared in 2013 and 2014.（3） With the promotion of planting years, the yield, output value, average price and the proportion of upper and medium class tobacco were increased first and then decreased, the peak value appeared in 2014 and 2015, and the output value of Honghuadajinyuan in the same year was higher than that of the same period of K326. Therefore, without considering the special needs of cigarette enterprises, the economic benefits of Honghuadajinyuan variety will be higher in Huili tobacco growing areas.