不同秸秆营养土对湖南假植烟苗生长发育的影响

Effects of Different Straw Nutrient Soil on Growth and Development of Hunan Transplanting Tobacco Seedlings

为研制绿色环保的新型营养土以取代目前广泛使用的"火土灰",选取腐熟的玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆和小麦秸秆作为碳基材料,与消毒土壤混和配制成新型营养土,研究其理化性质及其对假植烟苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:(1)与"火土灰"相比,腐熟秸秆与消毒土壤配制的营养土的干、湿容重均极显著降低(P<0.01),通气孔隙度和大小孔隙比均极显著升高(P<0.01);(2)新型营养土均比"火土灰"更有利于烟苗根系的生长发育,其中又以腐熟玉米秸秆和腐熟水稻秸秆配制的营养土最优;(3)在所有处理中腐熟水稻秸秆和消毒土壤配制的营养土培育的烟苗的农艺性状最优,叶绿素含量、根系活力和硝酸还原酶活性也最高。因此,腐熟秸秆和消毒土壤配制的营养土都可以取代"火土灰",但以腐熟水稻秸秆配制的营养土假植的烟苗素质最高。

In order to study the new environmental-friendly nutrient soil to replace the dust-ashes which current was widely used in Hunan tobacco-growing areas. The new nutrient soil was made up of sterilized soil and different carbon based materials which were decomposed with corn straw, rice straw and wheat straw, respectively; and their physic-chemical properties and effects on the growth and development of tobacco seedlings were researched. The results showed that：（1）Compared with dust-ashes, the dry and wet bulk density of the new nutrient soil decreased very significantly（P0.01）, and the ventilation porosity and pore size ratio increased very significantly（P0.01）.（2）The new nutrition soil than the dust-ashes was more suitable for the growth and development of tobacco seedling root, and among them the nutritive soil prepared by the decomposed corn straw and decomposed rice straw was the best.（3）In all treatments, the chlorophyll content, root activity and nitrate reductase activity of tobacco seedlings cultivated by the new nutrient soil, and one＇s agronomic characters were also the best. In summary, the dust-ashes can be replaced by the nutrient soil, what＇s more, the seedlings quality cultivated by the nutrient soil made of decomposed rice straw and sterilized soil was the best.