长期不同施肥显著影响双季稻产量及养分吸收

Long-term Different Fertilization Significantly Effected the Yield and Nutrient Accumulation of Double-cropping Rice

为了解决双季稻氮、磷肥料施用过量、养分利用率偏低等问题,在典型双季稻区设置不同氮、磷施肥处理,对双季稻的产量效应和养分吸收进行分析,探讨合理的施肥量,为双季稻施肥管理提供理论支持。研究结果表明:(1)施肥显著影响水稻稻谷产量与秸秆生物量,水稻植株体氮、磷含量和积累总量随施肥量增加而显著增加。早稻氮(N,下同)、磷(P_2O_5,下同)施肥量分别在150和90 kg/hm^2,晚稻氮、磷施肥量分别在180和90 kg/hm^2范围内时,稻谷产量与秸秆产量随施氮量增加显著增加。超过该施肥量,对稻谷产量水稻增产没有显著效果。(2)区域早稻理论最高产量对应的氮、磷量分别为158.5和100.2 kg/hm^2,晚稻理论最高产量对应的氮、磷量为190.1和77.5 kg/hm^2。(3)稻田生态系统每年接受环境中氮、磷养分达108.1和29.8 kg/hm^2。

In order to solve the problem of overdose application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and low utilization rate of nutrient on double-cropping rice, long-term monitoring of different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization treatments were carried out on typical double-cropping rice area. The yield effect and nutrient utilization rate of fertilizer were analyzed. The rational fertilization areas and fertilizer utilization rate were discussed to provide theoretical support for double cropping rice nutrient management. The results indicated that the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents and accumulation of rice plants increased significantly with the increase of fertilizer application, but the nutrient utilization rate decreased significantly with the increase of fertilizer application. Fertilization of the highest yield of early and late rice is 158.5 kg/hm^2 N, 100.2 kg/hm^2 P2 O5 and 190.1 kg/hm^2 N, 77.5 kg/hm^2 P2 O5, respectively. And 108.1 kg/hm^2 N and 29.8 kg/hm^2 P2 O5 from the environment enter into paddy field ecosystem every year.