模仿者、制作者与创造者——再论博尔赫斯对伊斯兰文化元素的妙用

The Imitator,the Maker or the Creator——Rediscussion on Uses of Islamic Elements in Borges’s Literary Creations

博尔赫斯将其1960年出版的诗集起名为El hacedor（中译《诗人》）。在西班牙语中,该词特别用于指称上帝,亦即＂造物主＂。然而,博尔赫斯自己说该词是英文the maker的翻译,仅仅表达自己是一个诗人和作家而已。自从柏拉图把诗人贬低为＂制作者＂＂模仿者＂而逐出＂理想国＂、将之拉下神坛之后,西方文化逐渐远离＂诗人乃创造者＂这样的观念。然而,伊斯兰苏非主义却建立起一套十分完备的＂诗人乃创造者＂的思想学说。博尔赫斯熟知各种宗教神秘主义,在他的作品中对伊斯兰苏非神秘主义文化涉及尤甚。因此,博尔赫斯在自己的多篇作品中妙用伊斯兰苏非思想学说,还用本无＂诗人＂义项的El hecedor（造物主、创造者）一词来命名自己的作品,表示＂诗人＂之意义,进而把诗人重新送上创造者之神坛。这其间也隐藏着博尔赫斯本人的勃勃雄心。

The collection of Borges＇ s poems in 1960 was named El hacedor. In Spanish,this word refers in particular to Creator（ God）. However,Borges said that it was just the translation of ＂the maker＂in English,which expressed that he was just a poet and a writer. Since Plato belittled the poet as ＂maker＂and ＂imitator＂and banished the poet from ＂the Republic＂which also banished the poet from the altar of the creator,from then on,western culture is gradually moving away from the idea that ＂the poet is the creator＂. However,the Islamic Sufism has established a complete ideological doctrine that ＂the poet is the creator＂. Borges was familiar with various religious mysticism,and his literary creations referred a lot of it,especially the Islamic Sufism. Therefore,Borges has used Islamic Sufism in his literary creations ingeniously,and has selected ＂El hecedor＂（ God,Creator） which does not have the meaning of ＂the poet＂in original to name his work to express the meaning of ＂the poet＂,in order to send the poet back to the altar of the creator. And this also hides his own ambitions.