我国学前教育经费投入资源配置效率评价——基于空间计量经济学的实证检验

Evaluation of Resource Allocation Efficiency of Preschool Education Funds Input in China:Empirical Test Based on Spatial Econometrics

利用我国2000～2015年的省级面板数据,基于教育生产函数构建投入—产出指标体系,采用随机前沿生产函数与空间计量经济学的实证研究方法,评价我国学前教育经费投入资源配置的静态效率与空间效率,结果发现,我国学前教育产出的技术效率(TE)具有时间可变性,并且其变动趋势与区域经济发展水平并不具有一致性;财政性教育经费投入与事业性收入均能优化学前教育的资源配置效率,政府与市场投入每上升1单位值,可分别将产出效率提高47.8%与15.8%,并且两种投入的结构效应在东、中、西部地区分别产生了互补或替代的作用;政府与市场投入在地理空间上具有全域自相关性,但局域自相关性却存在显著差异,财政性教育经费投入与事业性收入每上升1单位值,可分别将临近省域学前教育的产出效率提高28%与8.7%,不过地方政府之间的"锦标赛"现象在间接效应中造就了"贫者愈贫,富者愈富"的马太效应。政府应稳步增加学前教育投入,尤其应加大对"老、少、边、贫"地区的转移支付力度,鼓励、引导和规范民营资本的运作,创新学前教育供给模式,在提升省域学前教育资源配置效率的同时切实保障"幼有所育"目标的实现。

Based on provincial panel data from 2000 to 2015 in China, construction of input-output index system based on educational production function, this paper evaluates the static efficiency and spatial efficiency of resource allocation of preschool education funding in China based on the empirical research method of stochastic frontier production function and spatial econometrics. It was supported that： （1）The technical efficiency of preschool education has time variability, while the change trend of technical efficiency is not consistent with the level of regional economic development; （2）Both financial investment and public income can optimize the efficiency of resource allocation in preschool education. Every 1 unit value of government and market input can increase the output efficiency by 47.8% and 15.8% respectively, while the structural effects of the two forms of input in the east, middle and western regions have produced complementary or alternative roles respectively; （3）Government and market input have global autocorrelation in geographical space,while there are significant differences in local autocorrelation ,the output efficiency of preschool education in adjacent provinces can be increased by 28% and 8.7% respectively if 1 unit per rise in financial education funds and fees ,while the local governments fall into the phenomenon of ＂championship＂ made the poor poorer. The government should increase investment in preschool education, strengthen the transfer payments to the area which is economically underdeveloped, encourage and guide the operation of private capital, innovating the supply mode of preschool education in order to improving the efficiency of resource allocation in the province, as well as ensuring the realization of the goal of ＂child care＂.