普通话儿童与家长的言语行为策略——以句末含有语气词“吧”的对话片段为例

Conversation Strategies between Child and Parent in Mandarin:Taking Conversation Fragments with the Sentence Final Particle “ba” as Examples

儿童言语行为策略的发展是一个复杂的心理过程,与儿童的语言获得同步开始并相互促进。本研究以儿童首轮句末带"吧"的句子为分析的切入点,将亲子间的对话片段分为"儿童自我回应"与"家长回应"两大类,以此探讨普通话儿童与家长的言语行为策略,结果发现绝大多数"儿童自我回应"式的对话片段是儿童社会化的表现,应将"自言自语"作为儿童学习的一种策略;儿童大部分的话语都得到了"家长回应",反映了家长对儿童独立人格的尊重,同时也表明儿童话语的交际性和目的性很强,并明确要求家长及时回应。成人在和儿童进行交流时应使用清晰且易被儿童接受的言语行为策略,重视培养与儿童之间的积极情感,也可以让儿童充当交流的主导者,提升其言语交际的主动性与创造性。

The development of children＇s conversation strategy is a complex process developing wlm children＇s language acquisition from the very beginning. Taking the first turn-talking with the sentence final particle ＂ba＂ of a child as a starting point, conversation fragments can be divided into two categories： ＂child＇s self-response＂ and ＂parent＇s response＂ in order to discuss conversation strategies between the child and parents. The vast majority of ＂children＇s self-responses＂ were found a manifestation of children＇s socialization. It＇s suggested to regard children＇s ＂self-talk＂ as their learning strategy. Most of the children＇s utterance had been ＂responded by parents＂. They responded to children＇s discourse in time with respecting children＇s independent personality and treating them equally. Children＇s discourse was with strong pur- pose of communication and they explicitly required parents to respond to their utterances in a timely man- ner. It＇s suggested we should adopt clear and acceptable conversation strategy in their communication with children and cultivating children＇s positive emotions. It also suggests that Children should be allowed to be the dominant communicators in discourse, thereby enhancing their initiative and creativity.