温室番茄对微小流量滴灌埋深与灌水量的响应

Response of greenhouse tomatoes to buried depth and low irrigation limit of small flow drip irrigation

试验采用番茄品种为"中研998",于2017年3—7月在中国农业大学通州实验站春秋大棚中进行.试验共6个处理,3个灌水梯度(以田持的85%,75%,65%计)与2个痕量带埋深梯度(15,30 cm).研究结果表明:埋深与灌水下限对番茄植株株高茎粗的影响规律性不强;深埋处理更有利于植株茎干物质积累,浅埋更有利于叶干物质积累,说明浅埋处理植株蒸腾量更大;埋深与灌水下限对根干重的影响规律性不强;深埋更有利于提高果实产量、氮素表观利用率与肥料偏生产力,浅埋更有利于提高水分利用效率;灌水下限越低,果实产量、水分利用效率、氮素表观利用率与肥料偏生产力越高.因此根据本试验研究的各项指标综合得出埋深为30 cm、灌水下限为65%田持时最适宜此种试验条件下温室番茄的生长.

The tomato variety ＂ Zhong Yan 998＂ was used in the spring and autumn greenhouse of Tongzhou experimental station of China Agricultural University from March 2017 to July. A total of 6 treatments were conducted, including 3 irrigation lower limits （calculated with 85% , 75% ,65% of field water holding ratio） and 2 kinds of trace buried depth gradients （15 cm, 30 cm）. The results show that the influence regularity of buried depth and irrigation lower limit on tomato plant height is not obvious. Deep burial treatment is more beneficial to the accumulation of stem dry matter, and the shal- low burial is more beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter. Deep burial treatment is more condu- cive to the accumulation of stem dry matter in plants. Shallow burial is more conducive to the accumu- lation of dry matter in leaves, which indicates that the transpiration of shallow buried plants is greater. The influence regularity of buried depth and irrigation lower limit on toot dry weight is not strong. Deep burial is more beneficial to increasing fruit yield, nitrogen apparent utilization and fertilizer partial pro- ductivity, and shallow burial is more beneficial to improving water use efficiency. The lower the irriga-tion limit, the higher the fi＇uit yield, water use efficiency, nitrogen appalent utilization and partial pro- ductivity of fertilizer. Therefore, based on the results of this experiment, it is conclude that the depth of the planting is recommended for 30 cm, and the lower limit of irrigation is recommended for 65% of field water holding ratio, which is most suitable for the growth of greenhouse tomatoes under this expe- rimental condition.