高铁建设对中间站点城市服务业就业的影响——基于地区和行业异质性视角

The Impact of High-Speed Railway Construction on the Service Industries of Intermediate Station Cities: From the Perspective of Regional and Industrial Heterogeneity

基于中国城市面板数据,并结合各城市开通高铁的时间信息,运用双重差分方法,检验了高铁建设对沿线中间站点城市服务业就业的影响。研究发现:(1)高铁能显著提高沿线中间站点城市服务业就业水平,但高铁的服务业就业效应会因为地区和行业的不同而呈现异质性特征;(2)高铁建设对批发和零售业、租赁和商务服务业以及居民服务业就业的影响要明显高于其他服务业行业,但对水利、环境和公共设施管理业,卫生、体育和社会福利业,公共管理和社会组织等公共服务行业就业的影响并不显著;(3)高铁能显著提高中间站点中市场化程度较高城市的服务业就业水平,而对于市场化程度较低的城市,高铁的服务业就业效应并不显著。

By using the panel data of Chinese cities and the time schedules of high-speed railway opening in each city, this paper employs the difference in difference method to examine the impact of high-speed railway construction on the service industry employment of the intermediate station cities.The findings show that high-speed railway can notably improve the employment level of service industries of the intermediate station cities, however, this kind of effect presents heterogeneous features due to the differences in regions and industries. The impact of high-speed railway construction on the employment of such service industries as wholesale and retail, leasing, business services, and resident service is significantly higher than that on other service industries, but such impact is not significant on the employment of the public service industries, such as the public facilities management（water conservancy, environment, etc.）, the social welfare（health, sports, etc.）, public management and social organizations. And that high-speed railway can significantly improve the employment level of the service industries of the intermediate station cities with higher degree of marketization, but for cities with lower degree of marketization, it is not significant.