家学渊源与经学旨趣——清代汉学家“家法”观念浅析

A Discussion on the Concept of Jia Fa——by Han Learning Scholars in Qing Dynasty

自清代惠栋首倡"家法",以方法与观念为二重约束,树立起汉学与宋学两家之藩篱。如果以江藩《国朝汉学师承记》记载的惠栋事迹为考察对象,并对比《国朝宋学渊源记》的相关描述,可知江书选择"师承"、"家法"论汉学,而以"渊源"论宋学,盖出于特殊的考虑:即为了大力彰显汉学一派的治学特色。而惠栋首倡"家法",存在"传家学"与"传经学"两个目的,既与其"四世传经"的家学背景有关,又出自其继承圣人理义的经学旨趣。此后,汉学一派确立了"传经学"的考据路径和严格态度,虽存在混淆汉儒师法家法的缺陷,但仍实现了对汉代治学成果的继承与发扬,形成一代学风。

Jia Fa was firstly initiated by Hui Dong in the Qing Dynasty,including the methods and ideas of the constraints,which made it a standard to distinguish Han xue and Song xue.According to Han Xue Shi Cheng Ji（《汉学师承记》）and Song Xue Yuan Yuan Ji（《宋学渊源记》）written by Jiang Fan,it can be known that the words Jia Fa and Shi Cheng belong to Han xue while Yuan Yuan to Song xue.Although the initiator Hui Dong aimed to the inheritance of Jia xue and Jing xue when he used the word Jia Fa,his followers including Jiang Fan inherited only the special methods and ideas of Jing xue and advocated them vigorously.Eventually the Han learning scholars achieved the academic achievements of the Han Dynasty and formed a style of academies with unique characteristics in Qing Dynasty.