施肥对菜用大豆产量及性状的影响

Effects of Fertilizer on Plant Characters and Yield of Vegetable Soybean

为研究追肥对菜用大豆产量及性状的影响,对荚长、荚宽、荚厚、荚质量、粒长、粒宽、粒厚、粒质量8个性状变量与产量的关系进行多元回归分析和通径分析。试验结果表明,菜用大豆春风极早品种在现蕾期追肥的最适宜施肥量为基准施肥量的50%,产量达到1 992 kg/667 m^2,比100%追肥高3.3%,差异不显著,比150%追肥高22.9%,差异显著;荚宽13.42 mm,荚厚10.71 mm,粒宽11.09 mm,单粒质量0.88 g;M-3品种在现蕾期追肥的最适宜施肥量为基准施肥量的150%,产量达到1 571 kg/667 m^2。菜用大豆产量和荚宽、粒宽、粒厚等性状有显著的回归关系,回归方程为Y=-7 262.394 5+611.947 8X_2+2 482.237 0X_6-2 917.973 0X_7,决定系数为0.893 4,式中,Y为产量(kg/667 m^2),X_2为荚宽(mm),X_6为粒宽(mm),X_7为粒厚(mm)。当其他变量固定时,荚宽每增加1 mm,产量平均升高611.947 8 kg/667 m^2;粒宽每增加1 mm,产量平均升高2 482.237 0 kg/667 m^2;荚宽每增加1 mm,产量平均降低2 917.973 0 kg/667 m^2。菜用大豆各性状与产量的通径分析结果显示,产量与荚宽的通径系数为0.359 2,与粒宽的通径系数为1.106 1,与粒厚的通径系数为-1.391。

In order to research the effects of topdressing on plant characters and yield of vegetable soybean, the connection of 8 character variables including pod length, pod width, pod thickness, pod weight, grain length, grain width, grain thickness and grain weight with yield were analyzed by using multiple regression analysis and path analysis. The results showed that the optimum fertilizer rate was 50% for Chunfengjizao in the budding period, and the yield was 1 992 kg/667 m^2, which was 3.3% higher than control with the fertilizer rate of 100% （no significant difference）, and 22.9% higher than 150% fertilizer rate treatment （ significant）. The pod width, pod thickness and grain width were 13.42, 10.71 and 11.09 mm and the single grain weight was 0.88 g for Chunfengjizao. The optimal fertilizer rate of M-3 in budding period was 150%, and the yield was 1 571 kg/667 m2. Pod width, grain width, grain thickness had a significant regression relationship between soybean yield, and the regression equation was Y=-7 262.394 5＋611.947 8X2 ＋ 2 482.237 0X6-2 917.973 0X7, with the determination coefficient of 0.893 4. Y,X2,X6 and X7 represented yield （ kg/667 m^2）, pod width （ mm）, grain width （ mm）, and grain thickness （ mm）, respectively. When other variables were fixed, for every 1 mm increased in pod width, grain width or pod width, the yield increased by 611.947 8, 2 482.237 0, 2 917.973 0 kg/667 m^2 on average respectively. The results of path analysis showed that the coefficient of yield with pod width, grain width and grain thickness were 0.359 2, 1.106 1 and -1.391, respectively.