河北省太行山区综合开发治理研究及效果

Review and results of comprehensive development and management in Taihang Mountains of Hebei province

太行山是京津冀晋豫的生态屏障和水源涵养地,也是著名的革命老区和最大的集中连片国家级贫困区。因其具有特殊的地理优势、政治地位和生态意义,各级政府多年来非常重视对太行山的综合开发治理。为了给太行山区乡村振兴和生态文明建设提供借鉴,总结了近40a来河北省太行山综合开发治理方面取得的研究进展,主要包括:辨识了太行山片麻岩区的景观生态经济资源特征是"旱、薄、蚀、穷、低";构建"蓄、集、整、改、排"标准化治理工程技术体系;创建了3种山地生态经济林高效治理模式,即生态林、观赏林、经济林立体配置的生态经济林旅游模式——前南峪模式,生态林和经济林协调发展的生态经济林模式——富岗模式,丘陵区果草畜立体发展的经济林循环模式——绿岭模式;开发了优质核桃、苹果和板栗等特色经济林产业标准化技术体系。

Taihang Mountain is the ecological barrier and water conservation area for Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi and Henan, and it is a famous revolutionary area and the largest cen tralized national poverty region. As its special geographical advantage, political status and ecological significance, governments at all levels have been paying great attention to the corn prehensive development and management of Taihang Mountain for many years. It was sum marized with the research progress of comprehensive development and management of Taihang Mountain in Hebei province in the recent 40 years so as to provide for a useful scheme for rural development and ecological culture construction. Such as： the characteristics of landscape eco economic resources in gneiss area of Taihang Mountain was studied and identi fled comprehensively,that included drought, thin soil layer, erosion, poverty and low cultur al quality. Standardization management engineering technology system of increasing surface soil thickness, rainwater harvesting, soil preparation, soil improving and drainage was sets up. Three efficient management models for mountain ecological economic forests have been established, i.e. tourism model of eco economic forest of stereoscopic collocation of ecologi cal forest, ornamental forest and economic forest,that is to say Qiannanyu model, eco eco nomic forest model with coordinated development of ecological forest and economic forest, that is to say Fugang model and the circular pattern of economic forest in three dimensional development of fruit, grass and livestock in hilly area, that is to say Lvling model. The in dustrial standardization technology system of special economic forest, such as walnut, apple and chestnut, has been developed.