“陶、杜并举”与清初遗民诗学

“Exalting Tao Yuanming and Du Fu Simultaneously” and Poetics at the Beginning of the Qing Dynasty

清初遗民诗人作诗、论诗常将陶、杜并举。从知人论世角度探究此现象之因由,可分三个方面:一、敬仰与契合:变不失贞,穷不陨节;二、批评与增衍:诗道性情之正;三、诗与史:以诗纪史、以诗正史、以诗补史。清初遗民对陶、杜诗歌的批评,亦就"人品与诗品"、"诗本性情"、"以诗纪史"的诗学观点均提出创见,形成明清易代之际独具特色的诗学观,影响清代诗学。

When adherents of the Ming Dynasty composed and discussed poetry in the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,they often exalted Tao Yuanming and Du Fu simultaneously.There are three reasons for this:first,their admiration for and affinity with the two great poets because of their loyalty and integrity;second,criticism and promotion of pure poetry;third,the relationship between poetry and history,with poetry recording history and poetry complementing history.These adherents of the Ming Dynasty advanced original views on poetics in terms of"moral quality and poetry","poetry as a reflection of poets’disposition",and"recording history with poetry"and developed their distinctive poetics at the turn of the two dynasties and had great influence on the poetics of the Qing Dynasty.