论CISG统一解释及适用中参考外国判例法的合理性

On the Justification of Foreign Case Law in the Uniform Interpretation and Application of the CISG

随着经济全球化的快速发展,《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》(简称"CISG")作为不同政治及法律制度相互妥协的产物,其诸多缺陷日渐凸显,但又不能像国内法那样可以随时修改,致使许多国家法院经常适用国内法来解释公约,以至于作出相互冲突的判决,有悖于CISG关于统一解释和适用的要求,成为国际贸易发展的障碍。各国法院在CISG解释中,适当参考外国判例法,发挥其补缺填漏的职能,无疑成为统一解释和适用CISG的最重要的举措之一。法史上,法院依照先例作出裁决早已成为通常做法;法理上,外国判例法补缺填漏的职能,具有足够的合理性;实践上,外国判例法在许多国家法院的司法实务中,已经成为可考虑的优质资源,有助于CISG的统一解释和适用。各国法院在CISG案件审理中,应该采用慎重且灵活的策略,既要严格甄选适当的外国判例法,充分发挥其补缺填漏作用,又要针对外国判例法的特点,结合个案及其他资源来综合考量,切实实现CISG的消除国际贸易障碍,促进国际贸易发展的宗旨。

In the wake of the rapid development of economic globalization,the legal defects in the CISG are becoming more prominent,and due to the difficulties in the timely revision of laws such as national laws,many national courts interpret the CISG by resorting to their national laws,resulting in conflicted judgments in contrary to the CISG＇s requirement of uniform interpretation and application,and turning into barriers to the development of international trade. In the face of this dilemma,national courts interpret the CISG by resort to the important role of gap-filling of foreign case law,as one of the most important ways in the uniform interpretation and application of the CSIG. Historically,courts usually made judgments on the basis of the precedent case; jurisprudentially,the gap-filling function of foreign case law is sufficiently justifiable,and practically,national courts treat foreign case law as a superior resource to the uniform interpretation and application. National courts in their trial of the CISG cases should take cautious and flexible measures so as to choose the appropriate foreign case law strictly to fully use its gap-filling function,and also pay attention to the features of foreign case law together with the specific case and other resources. Only in this way can we realize the CISG＇s objective to remove legal barriers and promote the development of international trade.