乌鲁木齐市中老年退休教师体成分分布特点

Age and sex distribution of body composition in middle-aged and elderly retired teachers in Urumqi

目的探讨乌鲁木齐市中老年退休教师体成分分布特点。方法以乌鲁木齐市50岁以上中老年退休教师群体为调查对象,用整群抽样的方法于2016年11月-2017年4月在乌鲁木齐市随机选取6个社区,调查社区内中老年退休教师1 249人(男性360人,女性889人);利用人体成分分析仪测定四肢及躯干肌肉量、身体水分、蛋白质、无机盐、体脂肪量、体脂肪率、腰臀比、基础代谢量、总能量消耗、阻抗。结果同一性别不同年龄段退休教师体成分(除男性阻抗外)分布不同且差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);80岁以上者肌肉量(男:46.55 kg;女:34.47 kg)、身体成分指标(男:50.2 kg;女:37.4 kg)、体脂肪量(男:13.1 kg;女:16.6 kg)、体脂肪率(男:20.2%;女:30.3%)、基础代谢量(男:1 035.0 kcal;女:910.2 kcal)、总能量消耗(男:1 593.9 kcal;女:1 401.8 kcal)数值最低。同一年龄段不同性别体成分分布不同且差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);以≥80岁为例,男性肌肉量(46.55 kg vs 34.47 kg)、身体成分指标(50.2 kg vs 37.4 kg)、腰臀比(0.93 vs0.85)、基础代谢量(1 035.0 kcal vs 910.2 kcal)、总能量消耗(1 593.9 kcal vs 1 401.8 kcal)均显著高于女性,而体脂肪量(16.6 kg vs 13.1 kg)、体脂肪率(30.3%vs 20.2%)、阻抗(462.0Ωvs 395.3Ω)均显著低于女性(P均<0.05)。结论乌鲁木齐市中老年退休教师体成分分布随着年龄的增加基本呈现逐渐下降的趋势;体成分指标(除体脂、阻抗外)数值男性普遍高于女性,提示体成分分布存在年龄、性别差异。

Objective To explore the age and sex distribution of body composition of middle-aged and elderly retired teacher in Urumqi. Methods From November 2016 to November 2017, a group of retired teachers aged 50 or more than 50 years in Urumqi were selected as subjects. Six communities were selected randomly in Urumqi city by cluster sampling with 1249 elderly retired teachers （360 men and 889 women） in our survey. The body composition analyzer was used to determine the limbs and trunk muscle mass, body water, protein, inorganic salt, body fat, body fat rate, waist hip ratio, basal metabolism, total energy consumption and impedance. Results There was significant difference （all P〈 0.05） in the distribution of body composition of retired teachers in different age groups of same sex （except male impedance）. In cases with age of 80 years or above, muscle mass, body composition index, basal metabolism, total energy consumption, body fat volume and body fat percentage were 46.55 kg, 50.2 kg, 13.1 kg, 20.2%, 1 035.0 kcal and 1 593.9 kcal in male, and 34.47 kg, 37.4 kg, 16.6 kg, 30.3%, 910.2 kcal and 1 401.8 kcal in female. Both were lowest in different age groups. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of body composition between different genders in the same age group （all P〈 0.05）. Take the cases with age more than 80 years old as example, the muscle mass, body composition index, waist-to-hip ratio, basal metabolism and total energy consumption of male were 46.55 kg, 50.2 kg, 0.93, 10 35.0 kcal and 1 593.9 kcal, respectively, which were significantly higher than female （34.47 kg, 37.4 kg, 0.85, 910.2 kcal, 0.85 kcal）, while the body fat weight, body fat rate and impedance of women were significantly higher than the men （16.6 kg vs 13.1 kg, 30.3% vs20.2%, 462.0 Ω vs 395.3 Ω）. Conclusion The body composition distribution of middle-aged and elderly retired teachers in Urumqi shows a decreasing trend with the increase of age. The body composition index （except body fat and impedance） is generally higher in male than that of female, indicating that body composition distribution has differences in age and gender, which should be treated differently and timely intervention should be taken to prevent the occurrence of disease.