牙周软组织增量手术中移植软组织供应区硬腭的解剖结构及黏膜厚度

The anatomy and mucosa thickness of the hard palate—the main donor site of periodontal soft tissue augmentation procedures

牙周软组织增量手术以增加牙齿或种植体周围的角化牙龈或角化黏膜为目的,可增强牙周组织防御力,阻止进一步的牙龈或黏膜退缩,是牙周整形手术的一种。目前常用的软组织增量手术主要包括游离龈移植术、上皮下结缔组织移植术及双层技术等。而硬腭黏膜是牙周软组织增量手术中最常用的移植软组织获取部位,详细了解硬腭的解剖结构、硬腭黏膜的组成及各组分的厚度有助于指导临床医生术中移植软组织的设计、获取的位置及预后判断等,对这类手术的成功来说至关重要。本文关注牙周软组织增量手术中最常用的移植软组织供应区—硬腭,就其解剖结构及黏膜厚度的测量作综述,旨在为牙周软组织增量手术的设计、风险评估及预后判断等提供作用。

As a part of periodontal plastic surgery,the soft tissue augmentation procedure is widely used to augment the keratinized gingiva or mucosa around teeth and implants to enhance periodontal defense and prevent further recession. At present,the most commonly used soft tissue augmentation procedures include free gingiva graft（ FGG）,subepithelial connective tissue graft（ SCTG） and bilaminar techniques. The main donor site for a connective tissue graft is the hard palate. So a detailed understanding of the anatomy,histology and thickness of hard palate is crucial to a successful surgery. This article reviews the anatomy and thickness of the hard palate to provide some guidance of surgery design,risk assessment and prognosis.