我国西部地区公民终身学习的现状、需求与对策研究——以陕西省调查数据为例

Lifelong learning in West China: Results from a survey of Shaanxi Province

公民的终身学习现状与需求是我国学习型社会建设的重要决策依据。西部地区终身学习实践起步较晚,发展不均衡,公民的终身学习状况亟待明确。本研究以陕西省为例,采用分层抽样和方便抽样相结合的方法开展问卷调查,对745份有效问卷从终身学习认知和参与、内容与途径、需求与满意度等方面进行深入分析。研究发现,被调查者:(1)对终身学习的内涵理解以正规学习为主,对非正规、非正式学习的认知不足,学习时间和费用投入有限;(2)终身学习动机明确,主要表现为满足职业发展、获得更高学历和增加收入等;(3)学习途径多样,经常利用信息网络开展学习;(4)终身学习意愿强烈,医疗保健、科技文化、子女教育是公民共同关注的学习内容;(5)希望充分利用业余时间在各类学校和图书馆、博物馆等社会公共文体场所中开展终身学习;(6)愿意分担终身学习费用,但多数人希望只缴纳少许费用或得到政府补助;(7)面临多重学习困难,主要包括时间有限、学习地点远和文化基础差等;(8)多数人对社会提供的终身学习服务较为满意,但不同性别、不同年龄人群的满意度之间存在显著差异。针对研究中发现的问题和不足,进一步从终身学习认知、环境建设、经费来源、管理机制四个方面提出了对策和建议。

Citizens.lifelong learning and their learning needs are important evidence for policy-making in relation to the construction of a learning society.In West China,lifelong learning practice has a relatively short history and also develops unevenly.There is an urgent need to have a full picture of the lifelong learning landscape in this region.As an attempt to fill the gap,this study set out to investigate the situation in Shaanxi,a province in West China.Using the methods of stratified sampling and convenient sampling,the study conducted a questionnaire survey ranging from citizens.understanding of and engagement in lifelong learning,their preferred content and approaches,their learning needs and satisfaction.Findings from 745 valid completed questionnaires are discussed.Participants are found to favor formal learning over non-formal and informal learning with inadequate investment in terms of time and money.They had specific purposes for lifelong learning,including professional development,higher educational qualifications and better income.Also,they had diverse approaches to lifelong learning,with web-based learning a popular choice.Findings indicate that they had a strong desire for lifelong learning,especially in such areas as health care,science,technology and culture,and children.seducation.Their favourite locations of lifelong learning include schools,libraries and museums.Moreover,participants expressed their willingness to pay the tuition fee but with the majority hoping that it is a small amount or that the government can provide subsidy.Despite difficulties such as lack of time,inconvenient locations of learning and poor educational background,the majority were satisfied with the lifelong learning opportunities available,but with statistically significant difference in terms of gender and age.Implications are discussed for further improvement.