慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者接种流感疫苗的调查分析和获益研究

Investigation and benefit research of influenza vaccination in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

目的:调查慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者接种流感疫苗的现状,评价COPD患者接种流感疫苗的获益情况。方法:选取192例用药相似的COPD患者,脱落2例,接种组1 1 8例,对照组7 2例,入组前对患者过去1年基本状况进行问卷调查,接种后对患者进行为期1年的随访调查。结果:COPD患者流感疫苗接种率仅5.21%,74.17%的患者不知道有流感疫苗,17.58%患者不知道去哪接种疫苗。接种流感疫苗不良反应发生率仅0.52%。接种组患者接种流感疫苗前后1年相比较,年急性发作次数、年急性期病程、年住院次数、年住院天数、年门诊次数、年门诊天数、住院率均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。接种组与对照组相比较,年急性发作次数、年急性期病程、年住院次数、年住院天数、年门诊次数、年门诊天数、住院率均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组在观察前,肺功各项指标无显著差异(P>0.05);接种流感疫苗1年后,两组肺功能各项指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:COPD患者接种流感疫苗接种率较低。COPD患者接种流感疫苗安全有效、可多方面获益,短期接种疫苗对肺功能无改善。

Objective： To investigate the status of influenza vaccine in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to evaluate the benefit of chronic influenza resistance patients receiving influenza vaccine. Methods： A total of 192 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with similar medications were used. Two patients were detached, 118 patients in the vaccinated group, and 72 patients in the control group. Questionnaire surveys were conducted on the patient＇s basic condition in the past one year before enrollment. Patients were enrolled for 1 year follow-up survey after inoculation. Results： The influenza vaccine vaccination rate for COPD patients was only 5.21%. 74.17% of patients did not know that there was a flu vaccine. 17.58% of patients did not know where to vaccinate. The incidence of adverse reactions to influenza vaccination was only 0.52%. The number of annual acute exacerbations, annual acute period, annual hospitalizations, annual hospitalization days, annual outpatient visits, annual outpatient days, and hospitalization rate were significantly improved in the 1 year before and after the vaccination of the vaccinated patients, the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Compared with the control group, the number of acute exacerbations, years of acute disease, number of years of hospitalization, days of hospitalization, annual outpatient visits, annual outpatient days, and hospitalization rate were significantly improved, the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Before the observation, there was no significant difference in the indicators of lung function between the two groups（P〈0.05）. After one year of influenza vaccine, there was no significant difference in the indexes of lung function between the two groups（P〉0.05）. Conclusion： The rate of influenza vaccination in patients with COPD is low. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are safe and effective for influenza vaccination and can benefit in many ways. Short-term vaccination does not improve lung function.