妊娠和分娩对盆底结构与功能的影响

Effects of pregnancy and delivery on pelvic floor structure and function

女性盆底结构中的肌肉、韧带和筋膜塑造着盆底器官的形态与功能,对血管和神经起营养、支配和调控的作用。正常的盆底功能依赖于完整的肌肉、结缔组织和神经分布的相互复杂作用。大量研究表明妊娠和分娩对盆底结构的改变甚至损伤,与盆底功能障碍性疾病的发生密不可分。妊娠期机械和激素的作用导致盆底结构的重塑,分娩期的过度拉伸造成盆底肌肉、结缔组织和神经的损伤。这些改变在分娩后存在自然恢复的趋势,恢复的程度影响产后或远期的盆底功能,因而全面有效的盆底康复治疗日益受到大家的关注。

The muscles, ligaments and fascia in the female pelvic floor shape the form and function of the pelvic floor organs, and the blood vessels and nerves play a role of nutrition, dominance and regulation. The normal pelvic floor function depends on the complex interactions between the complete muscles, connective tissue and nerve distribution. A large number of studies have shown that the changes in the pelvic floor and even injury of pregnancy and childbirth are closely related to the occurrence of pelvic floor dysfunction diseases. During pregnancy, mechanical action and changes in hormones lead to the remodeling of the pelvic floor structure, and the intrapartum overstretch causes pelvic floor muscles, connective tissue and nerves injury. These changes have a natural tendency to recover after delivery. And the recovery relatives with the occurrence of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction or forwards, so overall effective pelvic floor rehabilitation treatment are increasingly concerned by all of us.