国际间学生流动的历史和现状——基于留学生接受国的视角

The History and Status of International Student Mobility:From the Horizon of International Student Recipient Countries

国际间学生流动伴随着整个高等教育的全过程。梳理国际间学生流动的历史可以发现:历史上的留学生接受大国,无不文明程度较高,教育水平发达。而现代社会突破了地域遥远和交通不便的阻隔,且随着国际经济文化交流的不断深入,国际间学生流动的数量大幅增长,增长速度也显著加快;当今发展中国家间的流动和区域内部的流动已成为国际学生流动的新趋势,并与从发展中国家向发达国家流动、发达国家间内部流动一同成为国际间学生流动的主要趋势。影响国际间学生流动的因素有政治、经济、政策和社会文化因素等。有鉴于此,为吸引更多留学生来华留学,建议采取以下措施:提升我国高校国际化教学与管理水平,加大对留学生的经济支持、保证来华留学生质量,加大国际宣传力度、合理借助孔子学院和"一带一路"平台等。

International student mobility went with the whole process of higher education.By sorting out the history of international student mobility,we can find that international student recipient countries in history are all highly civilized and have advanced education.Modern society has broken through the obstruction of geographical distance and inaccessibility.Along with the continuous deepening of economic and cultural exchanges between countries,the numbers of international student mobility has increased significantly and grown faster.In addition,the mobility between developing countries and intra-regional mobility,together with the other two trends,those are mobility from developing to developed countries,internal mobility in developed countries,have become the main trend of international student mobility.The factors affecting international student mobility include political,economic,policy,and socio-cultural factors.Given this,the following suggestions should be adopted to attract more and more international students to study in China：1）to upgrade the international teaching and management level of universities;2）to increase the financial support for international students,and ensure the quality of foreign students;and,3）to reinforce international propaganda,and make reasonable use of Confucius Institutes and the＂Belt and Road＂platform.