音乐对流散群体形成族群认同的作用--一项研究综述

The role of music in ethnic identity formation in diaspora: a research review

多元文化的公民身份在许多国家遭遇到了困境。移民群体与大社会的关系已经成为比较突出的问题,对于如何使移民更好地融入新的环境,人们提出了各种策略。本文重点讨论如何在流散的情况下,通过音乐保持民族身份认同、民族文化并实现其转型。通过对过去20年发表的学术文章的系统评述,作者考察了音乐在族群民族文化认同中的作用。通过评述发现,相关文献强调了四个方面:语境(流散的情境);为认可和抵抗提供的空间;让身份认同得以维持和转型的时间与记忆;政治(社会服从或抵抗)。在总结时,本文强调了对流散情境下身份认同形成作进一步研究的重要性,至少,要探讨作为群体社会定位和定向的资源和限制的流散意识。一个以人口迁徙、跨国网络和全球流动并对移徙和融合政策进行重新定位为特征的世界,蕴含着身份形成的新条件,音乐将继续成为移民和难民在新的环境里商定和形成其身份认同的重要途径。

In many countries, multicultural citizenship has run into difficulties. The relation between immigrant groups and the wider society has come to the fore, and different strategies have been proposed for better integrating immigrants in their new surroundings. This paper focuses on how ethnic identities and cultures are maintained and transformed in diasporic situations, namely though music. Through a systematic review of academic articles published in the last 20 years, this paper investigates the role of music in cultural identity formation among ethnic groups. Thereview finds that the literature stresses four particular areas: context(the diasporic situation); space for recognition and resistance;time and memory to allow identity maintenance and transformation; and politics(social subordination or resistance). The paper concludes by stressing the importance of further studies on identity formation in diaspora, not least diasporic consciousness as a resource and restriction in the social positioning and orientation of groups. A world characterized by migration, transnational networks and global flows, as well as by a reorientation of migration and integration policies, implies new conditions for identity formation, and music will continue to be an important way for immigrants and refugees to negotiate and develop their identities in their new setting.