新时代耕地占补平衡的逻辑根源、模式探索与管理创新——基于“新时代耕地占补平衡方式改进与管理创新研讨会”的思考

Logical Root, Pattern Exploration and Management Innovation of Balancing Cultivated Land Occupation and Reclamation in the New Era: Based on the Workshop “Improvement Methods and Management Innovation of Balancing Cultivated Land Occupation and Reclamatio

研究目的:对耕地占补平衡的发展阶段与政策绩效、存在问题与逻辑根源进行分析,对改进方式进行探讨,进而提出管理创新建议,为新时代耕地占补平衡政策实施提供科学依据,为促进城乡融合、扶贫攻坚和乡村振兴提供参考。研究方法:综合分析与系统推理。研究结果:(1)耕地占补平衡存在实质性不平衡、时空性不平衡、政策性弱化等微观、中观及宏观层面问题;(2)在数量方面,通过盘活宅基地增量、存量和完善易地调剂方式,统筹城乡和区域平衡来实现数量占补平衡。(3)在质量方面,通过优化建设用地约束指标、完善耕地质量评价、规范耕作层保护与再利用等促进耕地质量占补平衡。(4)在生态方面,通过完善指标调剂的价格内涵、扩大耕地补偿标准范围、转变耕地补充途径等实现耕地生态占补平衡。研究结论:建议做好顶层设计,抓好规划引领,构建耕地占补平衡与城乡要素流动的平衡机制,建立耕地占补平衡后续生态管护长效机制,提升软硬实力等。

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the development stage, policy performance, existing problems and logical root, to explore the improvement methods, to propose the management innovation recommendations and provide a scientific basis for the implementation of balancing cultivated land occupation and reclamation in the new era, and to promote the urban-rural integration, poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. The methods of comprehensive analysis and systematic reasoning were employed. The results showed： 1） the balancing cultivated land occupation and reclamation exists substantial imbalance in the microcosmic level, time-space imbalance in the middle level, and policy weakening in the macroscopic level; 2） the quantity balance of cultivated land can be achieved by coordinating the urban-rural and regional cultivated land balance, including developing the incremental and extant rural residential land, improving the off-site land transfer; 3） the quality balance of cultivated land can be promoted by optimizing the constraint indicators of construction land, improving the quality assessment of cultivated land, standardizing conservation and redevelopment of cultivated land; 4） the ecological balance of cultivated land can be realized by improving the price connotation of the index adjustment, expanding the scope of compensation standards for cultivated land, and changing the ways of reclaiming farmland. In conclusion, it suggests to perfect the top design, focus on the planning guide, construct a balanced mechanism between the balancing cultivated land occupation and reclamation and the urban-rural factors interaction, establish a long-term mechanism for the ex-post ecological management of balancing cultivated land occupation and reclamation and improve the soft and hard power.