年龄相关性黄斑变性玻璃膜疣的研究概况

Research progress on drusen in age-related macular degeneration

玻璃膜疣（drusen）是年龄相关性黄斑变性（age-related macular degeneration，AMD）的早期体征，其形成与脂蛋白在Bruch膜中积累，导致有毒中间产物损伤视网膜色素上皮细胞，并引发其凋亡等机制有关。按直径可将玻璃膜疣分为三类，即硬质（＜63 μm）、中度（63-125 μm）和软质（＞125 μm，又称为大玻璃膜疣）。大范围的大玻璃膜疣是发展为AMD的重要危险因素，而大量硬性小玻璃膜疣的存在可视为AMD的早期症状。

Drusen is early sign of age-related macular degeneration （AMD）. Recent studies have suggested that formation of drusen is related to accumulation of lipoprotein in the Bruch’s membrane, which resulted in damage of retinal pigment epithelium cells by toxic intermediates, leading to apoptosis. Drusen can be classified into three categories according its diameter, i.e., hard （less than 63 μm）, moderate （63-125 μm） and soft （greater than 125 μm, also known as large drusen）. Large-scale drusen is an important risk factor for AMD, and the presence of a large number of rigid small drusen can be seen as an early sign of AMD.