斜视对双眼视觉功能的影响及术后康复

The effects of strabismus on binocular vision and postoperative rehabilitation

人类立体视功能的产生有诸多必要条件，双眼平行的视觉方向是其中之一。斜视后双眼的视觉方向不再平行，从而导致双眼视觉功能破坏；同时双眼视觉功能的丧失也意味着中枢对眼位的控制能力变差，进而促进斜视的发展。斜视的主要治疗方法是手术，术后患者可以达到双眼正位，但很多患者的双眼视觉功能并未恢复，一些患者还会由于双眼视觉功能的异常导致短期内斜视复发。因此，斜视的治疗不仅是手术达到双眼正位，术后双眼视觉的康复也同样重要。术后康复训练方法主要包括同视机双眼视觉康复训练、融合能力训练、电脑软件训练、视感知觉训练法等。人类大脑终身具有可塑性，如在术后双眼正位的情况下及时加以适当训练，帮助患者更好地恢复双眼视觉功能，加强大脑对双眼眼位的控制力，更好地保持术后双眼正位。

There are many necessary factors affecting human stereoscopic vision, and the alignment of both eyes is the most critical one. Strabismus destroying the normal alignment between both eyes, leading to the loss of the stereopsis. At the same time, loss of stereopsis and fusion means worse control of the eyes, accelerting the deviation, leading to a vicious cycle. The main treatment of strabismus is surgery. Through surgery, most patients get orthotropia, but quite a portion of them could not get normal binocular function. A few of them even encounter the recurrence of strabismus in a short term after the operation because of the de- ficiency of binocular visual function. Thus, the goal of strabismus treatment is not only to achieve normal or- thotropia after surgery, but also the recovery of binocular vision, which is fundamental. We can use binocular function training programs to help patients get better binocular vision. Postoperative rehabilitation training methods mainly include synoptophore training, fusion ability training, computer software training, and visual perception testing and training system. Human brain possesses plasticity through our whole life. By utilizing this, we could help those patients after surgery to regain their stereopsis, and better control of the eyes to maintain orthotropia.