先进喷涂技术制备316L不锈钢涂层的结构与性能研究

Study on Structure and Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Coating Deposited by Advanced Spraying Technology

相较于铝、铜等有色金属涂层,316L不锈钢涂层具有较高硬度和耐磨性、良好的耐腐蚀等特性,在诸多工业领域均有迫切需求。本文采用冷喷涂和大气等离子喷涂技术制备了316L不锈钢涂层,分别借助扫描电镜、显微硬度和磨损试验等检测手段研究了涂层的微观结构、显微硬度和磨损特性,对比探讨了涂层的磨损机理。试验结果表明,大气等离子喷涂制备的316L不锈钢涂层层状结构明显,存在大量的孔隙。而冷喷涂316L不锈钢涂层非常致密,且无明显氧化。冷喷涂涂层较低的孔隙率和沉积过程中的加工硬化现象,使得冷喷涂316L不锈钢涂层的硬度明显高于大气等离子喷涂涂层,具有更好的耐磨性。冷喷涂涂层在摩擦过程中的摩擦磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损,而大气等离子喷涂制备的316L不锈钢涂层的磨损机理为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损的复合磨损形式。

Compared to commonly used non-ferrous metal coatings such as aluminum and copper coatings, 316L stainless steel coatings present higher hardness, better wear and corrosion resistance apart from other excellent properties,which makes it increasingly demanded in many industrial fields. In this paper, 316L stainless steel coatings were deposited on Al substrate using cold spray（CS） and atmospheric plasma spray（APS） technique separately. The microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscope, micro-hardness tester and wear test, respectively. Wear mechanisms of two coatings were also contrastively studied.Results show that the layered structure of the coating prepared by APS is obvious and there are a lot of pores. However, the cold sprayed 316L SS coating deposited by CS is very dense and there is no significant oxidation. Hardness of 316L SS coating sprayed by APS is lower than that of the coating deposited by CS. As a result, the 316L SS coating prepared via CS offers better wear resistance. The wear mechanism of the cold spray coating is mainly abrasive wear, while the coating prepared by APS shows a composite wear form of abrasive wear and fatigue wear.