卓越中的艰难——《拜杜法案》后美国研究型大学产学合作关系嬗变

The Difficulties in Excellence:The Evolution of University-Industry Partnership in American Research Universities After the Bayh-Dole Act

《拜杜法案》颁布后美国研究型大学产学合作关系(university-industry partnership)呈现新的历程,但产学关系的"卓越"融合却并非一蹴而就,历经考验。随着该法案以立法形式强调学术科研需与产业技术相结合,20世纪80年代以来美国研究型大学与产业界的合作关系不断加强,大学超越象牙塔不断走向社会,学术科学也随之越来越成为提升美国产业界科技领导力、振兴社会经济发展的关键因素,产学合作成果不断涌现。然而,由于产、学之间存在根深蒂固的制度文化差异,围绕知识产权等关键问题,两者合作冲突不断,产学合作艰难迈进。然而,基于知识探索等共同目标,产学双方试图做出调整,改善分歧,进一步巩固与完善两者之间合作关系,不断将产学关系推向卓越之途。

A new era of the university-industry partnership has emerged in American research universities after the Bayh-Dole Act, Nevertheless, the industry-university partnership has gone through a series of difficult tests. With the Bayh-Dole Act emphasizing the combination of academic research and industrial technology needs in the form of legislation, the university-industry partnership has been strengthen since 1980s. University began to move from the ivory tower to society, academic science has increas factor of boosting the scientific technology leadership and revitalizing ingly become the key the social economy of the U.S. industry and the industry-academy cooperation is fruitful. Duing to the deep-rooted institutional and cultural differences between industry and academy on intellectual property, the cooperation between them has been in confliction and has made slow progress. However, based on common goal of knowledge exploration, both parties are trying to make adjustments and improve their differences so as to further consolidate and perfect the coop- erative relationship and push the industry-university relationship into excellence.