同构与惯性:大学学术治理的制度逻辑——基于英、德、美、加的经验

Isomorphism and Inertia:The Institutional Logics of University Academic Governance——On the Experiences of Britain,Germany,the United States and Canada

同构与惯性是制度变迁的重要作用机制。作为学术治理的核心载体,新公共管理的效率价值驱动了英、德、美、加四国学术评议委员会职能实现、组织运行、权力结构的转变。因扩大的社会服务期待,竞争资源的不确定性,"条件"性学术自主的同构作用,使学术评议委员会面对治理角色实现不足、行政与效率导向、决策参与和学术自主权弱化的共性挑战。同时,受学术自主传统、学术决策模式双重认同、学术自主认知的惯性影响,延续了学术评议委员会抵制学术绩效评估,维持"低效"运行模式,维护学术自主文化与权威的特性。确立和完善中国特色的学术治理制度,既需要把握学术治理的效率、科层等趋同性变化,也需要识别学术治理的文化差异,强化学术治理实践与理念的本土特色。

Institutional isomorphism and institutional inertia are the vital mechanics of institution transition. As the key institution of academic governance, the roles and functions of the Britain, Germany, United States and Canada senates have been transformed by the NPM＇s managerialism effective ideologies and values. Since isomorphism＇ s effects of the broaden anticipation of social service, uncertainty of competitive resource and ＂condition- al＂ academic autonomy have made some common challenges for academic senate. Academ- ic senates＇ roles are under-achleved, academic senate become bureaucracy and efficiencyoriented and weak of actual academy autonomy. Meanwhile, in the territorial of highly focusing on professional knowledge and academy autonomy, deeply rooted in the traditional institutional inertia of academy autonomy, dual identity of academy decision models and the recognition of academy-autonomy are maintaining the characteristics of resisting to academy performance practices, insisting on academy autonomy culture and ＂low efficiency＂ mode and academy autonomy＇s legitimate. To construct and develop academic governance institu- tions with Chinese unique characteristics, not only should grasp academic governance with isomorphism changes of efficiency and bureaucracy, but also should distinguish the academy governance culture＇ s diversities, build up the academic governance practices and ideas with Chinese local characteristics.