国际视域下非营利性高校法人财产权模式探析——基于美、英、日、德四国的比较研究

The Analysis on the Mode of Corporate Property Rights in Non-profit Universities from the International Perspective——A Comparative Study Based on the United States,Britain,Japan and Germany

高校法人财产权是高校法人具备民事权利能力和民事行为能力的重要基础,是高校法人实现依法独立自主办学的重要权利保障。纵观世界各国非营利性高校的法人财产权模式,以日本和德国为代表的大陆法系国家通过高校法人化改革,在公法规治的框架之下逐步扩充高校法人财产权能,充实高校法人独立人格,增强高校法人自主办学能力;同时,面向私立非营利性高校采取财团法人模式,赋予高校法人充分自主的财产权能。以英国和美国为代表的英美法系国家则通过高校法人的公共信托模式,确立高校法人财产所有权,明确高校法人的公共信托责任,充分释放高校在市场经济体制下自主发展和自由竞争的活力。这些政策模式对于推动我国非营利性高校法人财产权制度建设,实现高校法人依法独立自主办学具有一定借鉴意义。

The property rights of university corporate play an important foundation for the corporate with the capacity of civil rights, and they are also important rights for the corporate to independently manage schools according to law. Throughout the non-profit corporate property rights mode all over the world, Japan and Germany the representative of the civil law countries conduct the corporate reform to gradually expand the property rights of corporate under the framework of law governing and to strengthen the legal autonomy ability; the United Kingdom and the United States the representative of the Anglo American Law system adopt the public trust mode in universities corporate to establish property ownership of university corporate and to full release universities＇ independence abilities and free competition vitality under the market economy system. The non-profit corporate property rights mode has a certain reference for perfecting the corporate property rights governance mechanism, jointly promote nonprofit universities of our country property rights system construction, finally realize the independent management according to law.