沙漠干热环境下创伤失血性休克猪模型血清炎症因子的变化特点

Characteristics of serum inflammatory factors in porcine model of traumatic hemorrhagic shock in dry-heat environment of desert

目的探讨沙漠干热环境下创伤失血性休克(THS)猪血清炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、IL-10的变化特点。方法健康长白仔猪40只,随机分为常温假手术组(NS组)、常温创伤失血性休克组(NTHS组)、干热假手术组(DS组)、干热创伤失血性休克组(DTHS组),每组10只。DTNS组和DS组在干热环境(温度40.5±0.5℃,湿度10%±2%)下、NTHS组和NS组在常温环境(温度25.0±0.5℃,湿度35%±5%)下暴露3h后建立脾切除和部分肝脏切除的THS模型,NS组和DS组于相应环境暴露后仅行剖腹术后观察。分别于暴露后及休克后0、1、2、3、8(其中TNF-α为6h)、10h抽取颈静脉血,检测各时间点血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10水平,比较各组炎症因子的变化特点。结果干热环境暴露后,实验猪血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平均较常温组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。THS建模成功后,实验猪血清炎症因子均呈上升趋势,尤以TNF-α上升的速度最快、峰值出现最早,DTHS组在1h左右达峰值,且明显高于NTHS组及DS组(P<0.05),而NTHS组在休克后6h才达到峰值;继TNF-α之后促炎因子IL-1β出现峰值时间最早,DTHS组在2h左右即达峰值,且明显高于NTHS组及DS组(P<0.05),NTHS组则在休克后8h才达到峰值;IL-6呈进行性上升趋势,DTHS组自干热环境暴露后即明显高于NTHS组(P<0.05),且一直持续至动物死亡。抗炎因子IL-10水平在DTHS组于1h左右即达峰值,且明显高于NTHS组及DS组(P<0.05),随后逐渐降低,而在NTHS组则一直呈进行性升高,从休克后2h即明显高于NS组(P<0.05)。结论在沙漠干热环境下,THS模型猪血清炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10水平升高出现时间早、增长速度快,可能在沙漠干热环境下THS的发生发展过程中具有重要作用。

Objective To investigate the changes of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in porcine model of traumatic hemorrhagic shock（THS） in dry-heat environment of desert. Methods Forty Landrace piglets were randomly divided into 4 groups（10 each）： normal temperature sham operation（NS） group, normal temperature traumatic hemorrhagic shock（NTHS） group, dry-heat sham operation（DS） group and dry-heat traumatic hemorrhagic shock（DTHS） group. The THS model was established after exposure for 3 hours in their own environments, i.e. pigs in DS and DTHS group were exposed to the dry-heat environment（40.5±0.5℃, humidity： 10%±2%）, in NS and NTHS group to room temperature（25±0.5℃, humidity： 35%±5%）. Pigs in NTHS and DTHS group under went splenectomy and partial hepatectomy, and in NS group and DS group received only laparotomy and then observation. The jugular blood were extracted 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 8 h and 10 h after exposure（AE）, and the serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were detected, and then the characteristics of serum inflammatory factors of each group were compared and analyzed. Results After exposure（AE）, the serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in DS and DTHS group than in NS and NTHS group（P〈0.05）. After the THS model was successfully established, the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines showed a rising trend, especially the TNF-α showed a fastest rising speed with the peak appeared at the earliest. In DTHS group the peak value was reached about 1 h AE, and was obviously higher than those in NTHS group and DS group（P〈0.05）. For IL-1β, the peak value appeared earlier than those of IL-6 and IL-10, and was significantly higher in DTHS group than in NTHS group and DS group（P〈0.05）. The inflammatory factor IL-6 showed a progressive upward trend, presented a higher level in DTHS group than in NTHS group（P〈0.05）, and continued until the death of animals. At the same time, the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was released, the peak value appeared at about 1 h AE in DTHS group, markedly higher than that in NTHS group and DS group（P〈0.05）, and then declined gradually; while the IL-10 level showed continuous rising in NTHS group, and was obviously higher than in NS group since about 2 h AE（P〈0.05）. Conclusion In desert dry-heat environment, the serum levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 started rising earlier with a faster growth rate in THS pig, which may play an important role in the process of developing traumatic hemorrhagic shock in the dry-heat environment of desert.