改革开放40年国家公派出国留学政策逻辑分析

The Logic of National Policy for Sending Students Abroad since 1978

本文借由福柯"问题化"的分析框架和"现在的历史"研究法,从选派政策入手,解构改革开放四十年以来的国家公派出国留学政策逻辑系统.在该政策制定逻辑中:国际竞争是政策发展的动因;政策中的"他者"反映了我国对外部世界复杂的、动态发展的认知;政策一直延续着对自然科学和应用科学的偏向.政策制定逻辑的本质深受国家的全球观影响,而全球观则隐含了深层的权力关系.在全球观统领下,国家公派出国留学政策表现出教育救赎的国家功能,反映了知识观的全球化与等级性.而在全球治理体系变革的呼声下,我国日渐形成有中国特色的全球观,也必将影响该政策逻辑的发展.

Employing Foucault＇s problematisation and the approach of ＂a history of the present, ＂ this paper focuses on deconstructing the reason system of state policy of sending students abroad since 1978 through its selecting regulation. As the first layer of reason which analyzes the decision- making shows, international competition is the cause for sending students abroad. ＂Others＂ in this policy system reflects a complex and changing understanding to the outside world. Natural science and applied science are in priority in terms of what should be learned from the outside. At the second layer of reason deconstruetion, the imagination of globalization is taken as a deeply reason which determines what policy is ＂seen＂ and should be. In this way, policy discourse is shaped by the imagination of globalization which is a product of power and a tool to reshape power relationship. Consequently, sending students abroad policy functions as an education salvation and reflects the global flowing and hierarchy of knowledge. Now a new imagination of globalization with Chinese characteristics is emerging as a growing call for reforming the global governance system. It is believed that the emerging imagination will influence the reason system of such policy deeply.