灾难性事件中科技新闻报道的若干问题

由于灾难性事件的突发性、紧急性以及发展的不确定性,来自灾难事件现场的快速、准确、动态的"近距离"新闻报道成为政府决策的参考依据和专家开展灾难分析的重要资料。自然灾害成因、重大疫情以及人类活动失误造成的"灾难事件",都有着许多相关科学道理和科技知识。媒体科技新闻报道作为一种信息平台,可发挥独特的"科学"优势,为应对灾难事件提供有价值的科学资料。当前有关灾难事件的科技新闻报道,还存在着灾难事件细节的准确性、灾难新闻报道的知识性、灾难信息受众的针对性、灾难报道内容的服务性和采编人员科学素养等五个方面的问题,值得引起重视。灾难事件科技新闻报道不但要包括灾难事件新闻的一般信息(即通常所指"5W"),更需要在此基础上向灾难事件信息的知识性、后续性、针对性、服务性方向延伸。因此,开展对灾难事件科技新闻报道的采编人员应具备科学意识,有一定的科学知识基础。科技记者还要学会与科学家打交道。

Catastrophic events always happen in a sudden and its influence is uncertain. Therefore,the rapid,accurate and dynamic news report on the spot would must be the reference for government's decision-making and for experts' analysis. There are some certain related science knowledge we can learn form catastrophic events,no matter they are caused by natural disasters,diseases or human activities. As an information platform,science news reporting of media should report useful information by the advantage of its scientific nature. We should pay close attention to the following imperfect aspects. In science news reporting,it is lack of details about the disaster,science knowledge for the public,pertinent to the audience,helpful information for victims,and science literacy of reporters.Science news reporting of catastrophic events should not only focus on the basic information (5W) of a disaster,but also the spreading of science knowledge,offering service and making helpful suggestions to victims. What is more,reporters should know some science knowledge. They are also required to master the art of interviewing a scientist.