海南百岁老人甲状腺结节与生活方式相关性研究

Relationship between thyroid nodules and lifestyle characteristics in Chinese centenarians

目的研究海南百岁老人甲状腺结节患病情况与生活方式的关系。方法依托中国海南百岁老人队列研究（China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study，CHCCS），2014—2016年多学科团队采用问卷访谈、超声检查结合的方法对海南省18县市在世百岁老人进行全样本横断面的人户调查研究。排除信息不全及超声成像不满意者，共918例百岁老人纳入研究。由3年以上工作经验的超声科医师对百岁老人颈部甲状腺进行检查；采用结构化问卷收集百岁老人社会人口学特征、健康指标和生活方式资料。结果918例海南百岁老人中，683例（74．4％）超声检查发现甲状腺结节。甲状腺结节与生活方式关联性单因素分析中，不同槟榔摄入组间甲状腺结节患病率比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。多因素Logistic回归模型中发现，女性、食用槟榔是甲状腺结节患病的独立相关影响因素（均P〈0．05）。结论在海南百岁老人中，除性别外，食用槟榔与甲状腺结节患病独立相关，需进一步在我国其他年龄段人群中研究并验证其相关性。

Objective To study the correlation of lifestyle characteristics with thyroid nodules in a population-based sample of centenarians in Hainan. Methods The study was based on China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study （CHCCS） conducted in 18 cities and counties in Hainan province from 2014 to 2016. A group of multidisciplinary team interviewed and examined local centenarians with structured questionnaires and ultrasonography procedures. A total of 918 centenarians were analyzed after excluding those who refused ultrasonographic examinations or had relevant missing data. Thyroids of centenarians were examined by 3-year experienced sonographer, details on lifestyle characteristics and dietary habits were collected by standard procedure. Results Of the 918 centenarians,683 （74.4%） had thyroid nodules under the ultrasonography procedures. The prevalence of thyroid nodules in different group of areca nut consumption varied significantly （ P 〈0.05）. In multivariate logistic regression model, the results showed female and areca nut intake were independently associated with thyroid nodules in centenarians （ P 〈0.05）. Conclusions The modifiable variables including areca nut intake as well as non-modifiable such as gender are independent determinants of thyroid nodules in centenarians. Further studies are warranted to explore and verify these associations in populations with different ranges of age.