2015～2016年北京市东城区流感病原学监测分析

Etiological surveillance and analysis of influenza during 2015～2016 in Dongcheng District,Beijing

目的对2015~2016年北京市东城区流感病原学进行监测分析,以明确东城区2015~2016年流感病原学特征,为流感疫情监测提供科学依据。方法采用实时荧光PCR法对流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)的咽拭子样本进行流感病毒核酸检测,将检测为阳性的样本通过MDCK细胞进行病毒分离,并经血凝(hemagglutination,HA)试验鉴定流感病毒的型别。结果 2015~2016年共检测样本4 073份,核酸检测阳性样本为519份,阳性率为12.74%,其中H3N2型188份,新甲型H1N1型49份,乙型Yamagata(BY)139份,乙型Victoria(BV)143份。流感高发在冬春季,6~15岁为高发年龄,流感疫情的暴发主要集中在中小学和幼儿园。共分离得到流感病毒210株,整体分离率为40.46%,其中H3N2型62株,新甲型H1N1共16株,BY型68株,BV型64株。结论 2015~2016年北京市东城区流感以冬春季高发,两年流行的优势株不同,应加强对流感的实时监测,中小学生和老年人是流感防控的重点。

Objective To monitor and analyze the etiology of influenza in Dongcheng District,Beijing City,China during 2015 - 2016 so as to understand the etiological characteristics of influenza and provide a scientific basis for monitoring of epidemic of influenza. Methods The throat swab specimens of patients with influenza-like illness（ILI） were tested for influenza virus nucleic acid by real-time fluorescent PCR. Virus was isolated from the positive specimens by using MDCK cells,of which the type was identified by hemagglutination test. Results A total of 4 073 throat swab specimens were tested during 2015 - 2016,of which 519 were positive for influenza virus nucleic acid,indicating a positive rate of 12. 74%. Of the positive specimens,188 were identified as type H3N2,49 as H1N2,139 as Yamagata（BY）,and 143 as Victoria（BV）. High epidemic of influenza appeared in winter and spring and in the population at ages of 6 - 15 years,while the outbreaks were concentrated in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens. A total of 210 influenza virus strains were isolated,indicating a general isolation rate of 40. 46%,of which 62 strains were of type H3N2,16 were of H1N1,68 were of BY,and 64 were of BV. Conclusion The epidemic peaks of influenza during 2015 - 2016 in Dongcheng District,Beijing appeared in winter and spring,and the prominent strains in the two years were different.The real-time surveillance on influenza should be strengthened,especially in the primary and secondary school students and the elder population.