湖南省常德市鼎城区贵家岗遗址考古发掘简报

Excavation Report for Guijiagang Site in Dingcheng District, Changde, Hunan

贵家岗遗址是沅水下游地区青铜时代早期的一处重要遗址。2015年夏,湖南省文物考古研究所、常德市文物局等单位对该遗址进行了抢救性发掘。发现的遗迹主要为灰坑、墓葬等。遗物以陶器为主,另有石器、铜片等。陶器文化因素包括以高领罐、釜为主的本地文化因素,在遗存中占主体地位;以竹节柄豆、小平底罐为主的朝天嘴文化因素;以鬲、盉、爵等为主的中原文化因素。遗址年代可能稍早于周边地区的石门皂市、汉寿马栏嘴、沅江麦子园等遗址,上限约为二里头文化晚期,下限约为二里岗文化下层时期。文化面貌与这些遗址之间既有差异亦有共性。贵家岗遗址对进一步完善洞庭湖地区青铜时代早期的文化谱系、探讨区域间文化互动等问题提供了新的资料。

Guijiagang is an important early bronze age site in the lower reaches of the Yuan river valley. In the summer of 2015, the Hunan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archeological Research Institute and the Changde Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics conducted a salvage excavation of the site and discovered ash pit and tomb remains. Artifacts were predominantly pottery with some stone artifacts and bronze pieces as well. The pottery artifacts largely displayed local cultural features, including the use of the long necked jars（guan） and fu. Bamboo handle dou, small flat bottom jars with Chaotianzui cultural features as well as li, he and jue displaying central plains features were also found. The site is likely slightly earlier than the surrounding sites of Zaoshi in Shimen, Malanzui in Hanshou, Maiziyuan in Yuanjiang. The earliest possible date is the late period of Erlitou culture; the latest possible date is the lower layer of Erligang culture. The cultural features of the site show differences from and similarities with these sites. The Guijiagang site provides new material for the examination of regional cultural interaction and improves our understanding of the cultural genealogy of the early bronze age around Dongting Lake.