岳阳商代遗址出土铜器及炉渣的分析研究

Analysis of Bronze Vessels and Slag Excavated at Shang Dynasty Site in Yueyang

湖南宁乡出土的商末周初青铜器来源问题是学界研究的重点,岳阳商代遗址中发现的铜器及炉渣可为探讨这一问题提供重要线索。本文对岳阳铜鼓山等四处商代遗址出土的铜器及炉渣进行了金相观察、成分测试与铅同位素分析。结果表明铜鼓山遗址的铜器与盘龙城、郑州商城铜器在合金技术与矿料来源上具有较高的一致性,铜鼓山作为盘龙城的次级军事据点,铜器或铸铜原料可能直接来自盘龙城。樟树潭遗址发现的锡青铜熔炼渣表明岳阳地区最晚在二里岗晚期即开始了青铜器生产,所用的高放射成因铅金属资源表明其青铜器生产是在商王朝的资源流通分配体系下进行的。

The origin of late Shang and early Zhou bronzes excavated from Ningxiang, Hunan is an important topic of scholarly research. The discovery of bronzes and slag at the Shang dynasty site in Yueyang provides important clues for the investigation of this question. This paper examines bronzes and slag from four Shang dynasty sites around Mount Tonggu, Yueyang by using metallographic observation, component analysis and lead isotope analysis. The results showed that bronzes from the Mount Tonggu site were highly consistent with the alloy technology and ore used at Panlongcheng and Shang city in Zhengzhou. As a secondary military base for Panlongcheng, the bronze vessels and casting materials perhaps came directly from Panlongcheng. Tin-bronze smelting slags discovered at the Zhangshutan site show that bronze production began in the Yueyang region no later than the late period of Erligang. The use of highly radiogenic lead metal resources shows that bronze ware production was conducted under the resource circulation and distribution system of the Shang dynasty.