中国制造业技术创新与产业国际竞争力

Technological Innovation and the International Competitiveness of China's Manufacturing Industry

引入包含国内自主研发和国外技术引进的生产率函数,分析技术创新影响产业国际竞争力的机制,并利用2003～2010年中国制造业的行业面板数据,对异质创新成果对中国制造业国际竞争力的影响、产业异质性及其作用机制进行经验分析。结果表明:以专利申请量度量的技术创新显著提升了中国制造业的整体国际竞争力,对资本密集型产业国际竞争力的提升效果显著大于劳动密集型和技术密集型产业;技术含量较高的发明专利显著提升了资本密集型和技术密集型产业的国际竞争力,但对劳动密集型产业的影响不显著;技术含量较低的实用新型和外观设计专利显著提高了劳动密集型和资本密集型产业的国际竞争力,但对技术密集型产业的影响不显著;技术创新主要通过产品差异化机制提升我国制造业的国际竞争力,由成本费用下降带来的成本竞争机制无显著作用。

A productivity function which includes both independent R＆D in China and foreign technology import is introduced to analyze the impact mechanism of technology innovation on the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry. By using the panel data of China＇ s manu- facturing industry from 2003 to 2010, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of heterogeneous innovation achievements on the international competitiveness of China＇ s manufacturing industry, the industrial heterogeneity and its mechanism. The results show that 1 ） technology innovation measured by patent applications has significantly promoted the overall competitiveness of China＇ s manufacturing industry. The promotion effect on capital - intensive industry is significantly larger than that of labor - intensive and technology - intensive industries. 2 ） Patent of innovation with higher technical content significantly improves the international competitiveness of capital - inten- sive and technical -intensive industries, but its impact on labor- intensive industry is not signifi- cant. 3 ） Patents for utility model and designs with lower technical content obviously improved the international competitiveness of labor- intensive and capital- intensive industries, but its impact on technology -intensive industry is not significant. 4） Technological innovation improves the in- ternational competitiveness of China＇ s manufacturing mainly through product differentiation mechanism, while the cost- competitive mechanism brought about by the reduction in cost has no sig-nificant effect.