三种乳酸菌对蛋雏鸡盲肠微生物区系的影响

Effect of Three Kinds of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Cecum Microbiota of Chicks

试验旨在研究3种乳酸菌对蛋雏鸡盲肠微生物的影响。选取1日龄体重相近的健康罗曼褐蛋公雏432只,随机分成A、B、C、D 4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复18只鸡。A组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;B、C、D组为试验组,饲喂基础饲粮另分别添加粪肠球菌制剂、嗜酸乳杆菌制剂和乳双歧杆菌制剂(添加量均为:1×107cfu/g),试验期为42 d。试验结束后,每个处理组随机取6只鸡(每重复1只,共24只),收集盲肠食糜样,并应用Illumina-Mi Seq高通量测序技术分析微生物群落结构和组成的变化。结果表明:不同处理组间雏鸡盲肠菌群均以厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门及变形菌门3种为主。与对照组相比,试验组Faecalibacterium菌属的相对含量升高,而梭菌属、链球菌属、埃希氏菌属/志贺氏菌属等潜在致病性菌属的相对含量不同程度降低。从α多样性上看,粪肠球菌和乳双歧杆菌制剂组盲肠微生物丰度指数下降,而嗜酸乳杆菌制剂组丰度指数上升。同时,3种乳酸菌组多样性指数均下降。从β多样性上看,添加乳酸菌可使盲肠菌群差异变大,与对照组相比,粪肠球菌和乳双歧杆菌制剂组差异性大于嗜酸乳杆菌制剂组。由此可见,乳酸菌可改变蛋雏鸡盲肠菌群结构;添加乳酸菌一定程度上可促进有益菌生长,而抑制有害菌增殖;粪肠球菌和乳双歧杆菌添加效果优于嗜酸乳杆菌制剂。

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three lactic acid bacteria on cecum microbiota of chicks.A total of 432 healthy one-day-age Lohmann male chicks with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into four groups with 6 replicates per group（18 chickens per replicate）.Group A was the control group fed with basal diet.Group B,C,and D were the test groups fed with Enterococcus faecalis,Lactobacillus acidophilus,or bifidobacterium lactis supplemented into the basal diet（1×107 cfu/g each） respectively.The test lasted for 42 d.At the end of the trail,6 chicks（1 birds per replicate） from each treatment group were randomly selected to collect the cecal digesta.Then changes in structure and composition of microbial was analyzed by Illumina-Mi Seq high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that the Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria were the dominant micro floras in all the treatments of chicks′ cecum.Compared with the control group,the relative content of Faecalibacterium（one kind of beneficial microorganisms） was increased,wheras,the relative content of Clostridium,Streptococcus,or Escherichia/Shigella（3 kinds of harmful microorganisms） were decreased to different extent.According to the α analysis,the richness index was decreased in group B and D,whereas,increased in group C.The diversity index was decreased in all the 3 treatments.According to the β analysis,adding lactic acid bacteria could increase cecal microflora difference.This difference was bigger in group B and D than that group C.In conclusion,lactic acid bacteria could change the structure of cecum microflora.Adding lactic acid bacteria could promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms and inhibit the proliferation of harmful microorganisms.The efficacy was higher with the addition of Enterococcus faecalis and Bifidobacterium lactis than Lactobacillus acidophilus.