我国不同城市老年人群行为活动模式暴露参数研究

Study on the Exposure Factor of Behavior and Activity Pattern in the Elderly in Different Areas

目的了解我国不同城市老年人群行为活动模式暴露参数现状,为开展老年人群环境健康风险评价提供数据支持。方法 2017年9月—2018年1月以一对一询问的方式对哈尔滨、石家庄、无锡、武汉、成都和珠海地区社区随机抽取的(60~89)岁人群进行行为活动模式和交通出行模式等电子问卷调查。结果研究对象休息日在家室内所待时间最长的城市为武汉(22.0 h/d),在家室外、其他室内和其他室外所待时间最长的城市为成都(家室外3.0,其他室内1.0,其他室外2.0 h/d),交通出行时间最长的城市为成都(2.0 h/d),6个研究地区老年人群首选的出行方式为步行出行。不同性别和教育程度对老年人群行为活动模式和交通出行模式影响不大。结论不同研究城市老年人群的行为活动模式参数和交通出行模式参数不同,精细化暴露参数调查有利于进行更准确的环境健康风险评价。

Objectives To explore the exposure factor of behavior and activity pattern in the elderly in different areas and provide basic data for environment health risk assessment on the elderly. Methods Electronic questionnaire was used to interview with residents aged（ 60 ~ 89） in Harbin,Shijiazhuang,Wuxi,Wuhan,Chengdu and Zhuhai districts in a one-on-one inquiry way in September 2017 to January 2018. The behavior and activity pattern and travel mode were included in the electronic questionnaire. Results During rest days and weekends,Wuhan residents spent the longest time in the indoor of home（ 22. 0 h/d）. Chengdu residents spent the longest time in the outdoor of home,the indoor and outdoor of other places（ in the outdoor of home 3. 0,indoor of other places 1. 0,outdoor of other places 2. 0 h/d）. Chengdu residents had the longest travel time（ 2. 0 h/d）. The preferred travel mode was walking for the elderly in these 6 research areas. There was little effect of gender and educational level on the behavior activity pattern and travel mode of the elderly. Conclusions The behavior and activity pattern and travel mode of the elderly were different in various cities in this study. More refined investigation on exposure factors would facilitate more accurate assessment of environmental health risks.