我国农业技术推广主体的行为实践研究

The practical behaviors of agro-technical extension agencies in China

农业技术推广涉及众多相对独立的行为主体,各主体的自身发展、行为实践及相互协作程度,影响着农业技术推广的进程和力度。本文基于陕西、甘肃、河北等8省调研,采取案例研究和对比方法,总结归纳我国农技推广各主体的行为实践和经验,为完善农技推广体系提供对策建议。研究表明,我国公益性农技推广职能得到全面履行,引导和规范了社会化服务、建设了类型多样试验示范基地、探索了效率优先的工作新机制、实现了对现代农业的有力支撑。我国公益性和经营性农技推广主体探索了延伸式服务、合作式服务、引导式服务、农技综合服务、农业信息化服务、技术示范带动服务和托管式技术服务7种模式,教学科研机构创新了科技小院、试验示范站、四体融合、三位一体和技术总承包等5种模式。然而,不同主体农技推广过程中,存在基层公益性农技推广主体活力不足、经营性服务组织能力不强、教学科研主体创新不够、多元化主体融合度不高等问题。因此,需要从深化基层农技推广机构改革、扶持经营性主体发展壮大、推进农科教推一体化建设、建立政府主导多元协同推广机制等方面加以完善。

The extension of agro-techniques involves many relatively independent actors. The development of each agency, the practical behaviors and the degree of mutual cooperation affect the process and quality of agro-technical extension services. Based on case studies of Shaanxi, Gansu, and Hebei provinces and applying the comparative analysis method, this paper examined the current situation of the construction of agricultural technology promotion system in China, and analyzed the technical service behavior of each agency, which can provide some references for improving China＇s agricultural technology promotion system. Results show that, in general, the comprehensive government public service functions have been performed well, which guided and standardized the socialized services, established various types of construction experiments and demonstrations, explored the efficiency of the first-working mechanisms, and achieved a strong support for modern agriculture. China＇s public services and profit-making agro-technique services have seven types, including extended services, cooperative services, guided services, technology integrated services, information services, technology demonstration services, and trusteeship technology services. The teaching and research institutes also established 5 different operational modes： science and technology innovation yards, experiment and demonstration stations, four segment fusions, three-in-one integrated development pattern, and contracting service pattern. In the process of agricultural technology extension of different agencies, there exist some problems, including the lack of vitality of the main grass-root public service agencies, the poor management of agricultural technology services, the insufficient innovation of the teaching and research institutes, and the low integration of the diversified service agencies. Therefore, this paper suggests to deepen the reform of the township agricultural technology extension agency, to support the development and expansion of agro-technical extension teams, to extend the nonprofit agricultural services and leading roles, and to establish a government-led multi-synergy promotion mechanism.