农牧交错区土地流转意愿研究——基于农户和牧户层面对比

Land transfer willingness in agro-pastoral interlaced region:Comparing farming and grazing households

流转土地开展农业规模经营是农业现代化发展的必然要求,而农民作为土地流转主体,充分了解其意愿对促进土地流转具有重要意义。基于内蒙古农、牧户调查数据,分析农、牧户土地流转意愿情况,采用logistic模型,围绕农、牧户土地流转意愿及其影响因素展开比较分析。结果表明,农、牧户土地流入意愿率分别为33.04%和26.40%,土地流出意愿率分别为24.17%和17.25%,农户土地流转意愿强于牧户,而农、牧户总体土地流转意愿均不高。影响农、牧户土地流转意愿的因素存在差异,农户流入土地意愿受到收入状况、非农收入比重、社会保障制度评价等因素的影响;农户流出土地意愿受到家庭人口数、到地时间、土地流转过程难易等因素的影响。牧户土地流入意愿受到婚姻状况、家庭人口数、医疗支出等因素的影响;牧户土地流出意愿受到建房支出和社会保障制度评价等因素的影响。因此,为提高农、牧户土地流转意愿,加快土地流转,建议增强农民非农就业能力,引导农民向非农产业转移;建立土地流转中介组织,规范土地流转过程,降低土地流转风险,消除农、牧户土地流转顾虑;健全农村社会保障体系,弱化土地保障功能,降低农民对土地的依赖性。

Farmland circulation and operation scale management are critical to China＇s agricultural modernization and understanding the transfer willingness of farming and grazing households can help to promote farmland circulation. Based on a survey data of farming and grazing households in Inner Mongolia, this paper analyzed the land transfer willingness of farming and grazing households and examined the difference and the influencing factors by the Logistic model. Results show that the willingness rates of farming and grazing households for land transfer-in were 33.04% and 26.40%, respectively, and the rates of land transfer-out were 24.17% and 17.25%, respectively, meaning that the land transfer willingness of fanning households was stronger than that of grazing households, while the transfer intentions of both farming and grazing households were relatively low. Influencing factors that affect the transfer willingness of the farming and grazing households were different. Factors affecting the land transfer-in willingness of farming households included the total income, the proportion of non-agricultural income and the subjective evaluation of social security. While factors affecting the land transfer-out willingness of farming households include family size, the distance between house and farmland, and the difficulty level in land transfer. Factors affecting the land transfer-in willingness of grazing households include marital status, family size, and medical expenditure and factors affecting the land transfer-out willingness of the grazing households include the housing expenditure and the subjective evaluation of social security.Therefore, to increase land transfer willingness of farming and grazing households and to speed up farmland circulation, this paper suggests： to strengthen farmers＇ non-agricultural skills to guide farmers to non-agricultural industries, to establish land circulation organizations to provide professional services, to standardize land circulation management to reduce of land circulation risks, to eliminate farming and grazing households＇ obstacles in land circulation, to promote and to perfect the rural social security system, and to weaken the land safeguard functions to reduce the dependence of farmers on farmland.