项目反应理论的局部独立性与局部依赖性研究述评

A Review on the Study of Local Independence and Local Dependence of IRT

项目反应理论最基本的一个假设是局部独立性假设,但国内外学者对于局部独立性假设的定义尚有许多不同的看法。本文对目前学界关于项目反应理论局部独立性假设的主要观点进行文献梳理,简要介绍局部依赖现象及其检验方法,对计算机多阶段自适应测验趋势下应运而生的题组反应模型缓解局部依赖现象进行探讨,以期推动项目反应理论在测量学的发展。

In the recent 20 years, Item Response Theory （IRT） has gradually gone into the field of education and psychometrics with its unique parameter invariance. The most basic assumption in the IRT is the assumption of local independence. However, domestic and foreign scholars have many different opinions on the definition of local independence hypothesis. In this paper, firstly, we review the main ideas of the current academia on the assumption of local independence, and then introduce the phenomenon of local item dependence and its testing methods briefly. Finally, we discuss how to alleviate the phenomenon of local item dependence by the Testlet Response Theory （TRT） that came into being under the trend of computerized adaptive testing, in order to promote the scientific and fair development of educational measurement.