数字平台工作参与群体:劳动供给及影响因素——基于U平台网约车司机的证据

Patterns and Deferminants of Labor Supply of Digital Platform Workers: An Analysis based on U Car-hailing Platform Drivers

文章使用U网约车平台司机问卷调查数据,描述了数字平台工作人群基本人口学特征和劳动供给特征,并对个体层面劳动供给的差异予以初步解释。总体来看,劳动者在网约车平台上的劳动供给水平不高,但呈现出较为离散的分布状态;劳动者在劳动供给水平和劳动供给持续性两个指标上呈现出不一致的分布特征。在影响因素方面:学历、户籍对劳动供给水平差异具有较好的解释力,但对劳动供给持续性解释力较弱;平台有竞争力的收入水平是较低学历司机和不具有本地户籍司机积极参与平台工作的动因,但这无法解释较高学历司机的劳动供给行为。文章认为,平台工作参与群体存在较大内部异质性,部分劳动者的社会风险承担能力及社会融入值得重点关注。

This paper examines the basic demographic and labor supply characteristics of digital platform workers in China using drivers＇ survey data on U car-hailing plafform.A preliminary explanation of their differences in labor supply at the individual level is presented.The result shows that overall the platform workers do not provide a high level labor supply and their labor supply shows a dispersed distribution.There is also inconsistence in the distribution of labor supply intensity and labor supply continuity.Drivers＇ differences in education and hukou status can well explain their differences in labor supply intensity but fail to account for their differences in labor supply continuity on the platform.The competitive income on platform can well motivate drivers with lower education levels and non-local hukou, but it cannot explain the labor supply behavior of drivers with better education background. Digital platforms workers are featured by large internal heterogeneity.The issues of social risk bearing and social assimilation for digital platform workers call for more attention.