中国城市老年人的退休适应研究

Retirement Adjustment of the Older People in Urban China

文章基于2014年"中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)"数据,探讨了中国城市老年人退休适应状况,并结合中国退休制度和社会文化背景,验证并拓展了退休适应综合模型,构建了本土化的老年人退休适应影响因素分析框架。研究显示,总体上看,目前我国城市老年人能够较好地适应退休生活,但具有群体差异。城市老年人中受教育程度较高、健康状况较好、有配偶、有经济上的养老规划、退休后选择继续工作或退休前为中高层管理者拥有更好的退休适应状况。同时,文章验证了本土化退休适应综合模型。结果显示,个体和工作环境相关因素皆影响中国城市老年人的退休适应。此外,基层管理者的适应状况较差,需要在政策和实践层面重点关注该类群体的退休适应问题。

Employing the data from 20]4 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey（CLASS）,this paper analyzes the situation of retirement adjustment of Chinese urban elderly. Moreover, based on China＇s retirement system and social and cultural background ,this paper tries to verify and expand the integrated model of retirement adjustment and constructs a localized analytical framework of the influential factors of retirement adjustment. Overall the current urban elderly in China adjust well to their new retirement life, but heterogeneity remains. Elderly who have higher education level, are in better health, have spouse, have financial planning, continue to work after retirement, or worked as senior managements before retirement can better adjust to retirement.Meanwhile,this paper validates the integrated model of localized retirement adjustment.The results show that both the individual factors and working environment factors affect the retirement adjustment of urban elderly.Since the first-line managers adapt poor to retirement, more efforts are needed to formulate policies focusing on this group＇s retirement adjustment.