微型茯砖茶加工及“金花”菌鉴定

Processing technology of micro-Fuzhuan tea and identification of ‘golden flower' fungi from micro-Fuzhuan tea

茯砖茶历史悠久,外型大多为砖型、体积大,携带及饮用较为不便。通过自然发花,研制出质量在10g以下,表面及内部均发花较好的微型茯砖茶,并对"金花"菌进行分离、鉴定。试验结果表明:通过含水量30%～32%、模具填充量(7.5～8.0)g/孔、定型时间(15～20)min、灭菌温度(105～110)℃、灭菌时间(3～4)min、发花温度28℃、发花湿度50%、2℃/d逐渐升温干燥的方法获得微型茯砖茶品质较好,茶砖平整、金花茂盛均匀、颗粒饱满,汤色红浓明亮,菌花香纯正、高长,滋味醇厚、回味甘爽,叶底明亮匀齐。经菌落特征和显微结构(有性型和无性型)初步判断微型茯砖茶与传统茯砖茶的"金花"菌实属同一种微生物——冠突散囊菌(Eurotium cristatum)。

Fuzhuan tea has a long history, it was carrying and drinking inconvenient because of bulky brick type. The natural fungal fermentation was investigated to obtain the micro-Fuzhuan tea with weight below 10g and the ‘golden flower＇ fungi grew very well on its surface and inside. The ‘golden flower＇ fungi were isolated and identified from micro-Fuzhuan tea. Ascospores and conidia of the tested fungi were observed by microscope. The results showed that process conditions were as following： moisture content（30%～32%）, mold filling volume（7.5～8.0）g/hole, setting time（15～20）min, sterilization temperature（105～110）℃, sterilization time（3～4）min, fungal fermentation temperature 28 ℃, relative humidity 50% and 2℃/d gradually warming drying. The methods were suitable to obtain high quality micro-Fuzhuan tea. The micro-Fuzhuan tea obtained in optimal condition was in smooth shape with numerous Eurotium cristatum, as well as red bright tea infusion, pure and long fungal aroma, and heavy mellow taste. ‘golden flower＇ fungi from micro-Fuzhuan tea was demonstrated as Eurotium cristatum which was the same kind of traditional Fuzhuan tea through colony morphology and microstructure.